SHORTHAND 



dMI 




Graham-Pitmatiic 




Class. 






Book.^ : a 
Copyright^ 



COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. 



GRAHAM-PITMAN IC 
SHORTHAND 



A Complete, Scientific and Practical Presentation of Andrew J, 

Graham's Modification of the Pitmanic System 

of Shorthand. 



BY 

CARRIE A. CLARKE 

Ex-Official Reporter of the Ninth Judicial District of the State of Iowa, 
Secretary and Treasurer of the Iowa Shorthand Reporters' Asso- 
ciation, Secretary of the Iowa Commercial Teachers' Associa- 
tion, Member of the National Shorthand Association, 
General Reporter for Five Years, A Teacher of Four- 
teen Years' Experience in Business Colleges, Author 
of " Complete Guide to Typewriting-,'' "Short- 
hand Pocket Dictionary," and Joint Author 
of "The Practical Dictation Manual." 



PUBLISHED BY 

THE COMMERCIAL TEXT BOOK CO. 

DES MOINES, IOWA 



THE LIBRARY OF 

CONGRESS, 
TWo Copies Reocved 

OCT. U 1902 

Copyright ewtrv - 

OLfkks cx-XXa No. 

COPY B. 



ENTERED ACCORDING TO ACT OF 
CONGRESS IN. THE YEAR NINETEEN 
HUNDRED AND TWO, BY THE 
COMMERCIAL TEXT BOOK COMPANY 
IN THE OFFICE OF THE LIBRARIAN 
OF CONGRESS AT WASHINGTON 



PREFACE 

After some twenty years of writing and teachina; short- 
hand, the difficulties surrounding the learning of shorthand 
from Graham's voluminous HAXD BOOK OF STAXD- 
ABD PHOXOGRAPHY led to the compilation of this vol- 
ume. 

As the title of the book indicates, this is not a new system 
of shorthand, but the treatment of the subject differs in that 
the order of presentation of principles is new, the unneces- 
sary rules have been eliminated, legibility and brevity have 
been combined, and the lessons are fewer in number. 

In Graham's Hand Book two styles are taught: first the 
Corresponding and then the Reporting, necessitating many 
" hours of extra drill to overcome habits formed in the begin- 
ning of the work. In this book, Graham-Pitmanic Short- 
hand, the outline and position of the words are not changed, 
but the words are Avritten at the commencement of the study 
just as they are written by the expert shorthand reporter. 

The new principles are introduced according to rules of 
pedagogy, following the laws of nature in the formation of 
habit and development of manual dexterity ; hence, as f ewer 
obstacles are to be overcome, the length of time in acquiring 
a practical working knowledge of the art is greatly lessened. 

The aim has been to make shorthand easy to learn, easy to 
write, and easy to read, and at the same time sufficiently 
rapid to meet the requirements of the amanuensis, the gen- 
eral reporter, the court reporter, the congressional reporter. 



4 GRAHAM-PITMANIC SHORTHAND. 

Each lesson presents a separate principle, contains one hun- 
dred words in shorthand to be read, one hundred words in 
longhand to be written, and two groups of sentences and 
phrases, to be read and written, embracing and demonstrat- 
ing the practical use and application of these words, phrases 
and sentences. Thus early in the acquiring of the art the 
student's mind is imbued with the thought that the first les- 
sons are as important and practical as are the last. 

The shorthand illustrations and reading exercises are 
photo-engraved from original pen and ink copies executed 
by Mr. I. H. Carothers. They contain more life than hand- 
engraved notes, and, therefore, are better for both teacher 
and learner. 

The repeated copying of each example and exercise so 
beautifully and correctly written is excellent training for 
both the eye and hand and forms the habit of making neat, 
accurate, and legible outlines. 

The lessons being graded on the 100 per cent basis, makes 
the book especially efficacious in the public schools, and the 
exercises in the book being culled from practical letters em- 
bracing words from many lines of business, makes it just the 
book for commercial colleges. 

The rules to be learned are few in number, and yet so com- 
prehensive and explicit, that one can learn the art without 
instruction from a teacher; although as is natural, inspira- 
tion gained from contact of the teacher's mind with the mind 
of the student, incites greater and more continued energetic 
effort on the part of the student. 



PREFACE. 5 

This book is dedicated to the memory of Mrs. Agnes B. 
Martin-Cloud, my friend, companion and co-worker. 

Graham's Phonographic Dictionary is cited as authority 
for all outlines, signs, and phrases, and Webster's Interna- 
tional Dictionary for prononnciation and accent. 

Fraternally, 

Carrie A. Clarke. 
Des Moines, Iowa, 1902. 



CONSONANT STROKES. 









EXAMPLES OF SOUND. 




STROKE 




LETTER. 


INITIAL. 


FINAL. 

• 


NAME. 


\ 




P. 


l^l 


top 


Pee. 


\ 




B. 


&eat 


tub 


Bee. 


1 




T. 


fcime 


omi£ 


Tee. 


1 




D. 


<r?are 


red 


Dee. 


/ 




Ch. 


c7*air 


\&teh 


Chay. 


/' 




J. 


>st 


edge 


Jay. • 






K. 


lind or can 


mock 


Kay. 







G. 


^ain 


log 


Gay. 


vL 




F. 


/ame 


knife 


Ef. 


^ 




V. 


uote 


knai>e 


Vee. 


( 




Th. 


thin 


wrea^A 


Itk 


( 




Tii. 


them 


lathe 


Dhee. (Thee) 


) 




S. 


see 


. chaos 


Es. 


) 




z. 


zeal 


oo^e 


Zt e. 


J 




Sh. 


she 


dasA 


Isli or Shay. 


J 




Zh. 


i a^iire 


rou^e 


Zhay. 


r 


(UP) 


L. 


Zie 


fuel 


Lay or El. 


% 




R. 


room 


fire 


Ar. 




(up) 


E. 


rake 


fury 


Pay 


^-^ 




M. 


me 


mum 


Em. 


,-v 


Mp. or Ml 


). 


jump 


Emp or Einb. 


s_^ 




K 


710 


seen 


En, 


S— 




Ng. 




sing 


iBg. 


>s 




W. 


?#ee 


a^ay 


Way. 


r 




Y. 


2/ea 




Yay. 


/ 


(up) 


II. 


hoe 


* 


Hay. 



SHORTHAND. 



Shorthand, or Stenography, is the method of writing by sub- 
stituting characters for letters, vowels, syllables or whole 
words. 

The Graham-Pitmanic system of shorthand is based upon 
the circle, divided and subdivided as follows: 





By making the simple lines light and heavy, a sufficient 
number of signs for all the consonants is obtained. 

Ruled paper should always be used. Either pen or pencil 
may be used, though the pen is recommended from the be- 
ginning, as it leads to accuracy and beauty in writing that 
cannot be acquired by the use of the pencil. The pen should 
be held loosely and in the position required in longhand, but 
it is advisable also to accustom one's self to holding it between 
the first and second fingers. 

CONSONANT STROKES. 

All vertical or slanting strokes excepting Ray, Lay, and 
Hay are written downward. 

All horizontal strokes are written from left to right. 

The straight sigm for E, called Ray, is invariably written 
upward at an inclination of thirty degrees, thus distinguish- 
ing it from Chay, which is written downward at an inclina- 
tion of sixty degrees. 

Letters used in spelling a word that are not sounded in 



8 GRAHAM-PITMAN IC SHORTHAND. 

pronouncing it, are not expressed in shorthand characters. 
The word is written according to the sound. 

When reading the shorthand characters in Lesson I., trace 
each stroke with a dry pen, or some sharp instrument, as you 
read it, and name each stroke as you write it. 

Each shorthand lesson in the book is to be written ten 
times in a tab. 



LESSON A 

LESSON I. 



/.\.\..L..L..\.\...LJ.A.\J...L\.J-.V..L.. 


"*Zl /./__././ /_../_ 


,..L^..C.(...LL..C..Ck..V...C.(..L...C..L.C. 


A\J...JJAJ..JJJ.JJ.A..1XJ.... 


^c.^cc^y.cc^.c^.c.^ 


i..S.S.^ ^ zz^.^.sz.^ ^.Z^.^.. 


7 .^.^./Z^^./Z^^../Z^.s...Z/.. 


r-\.\...U../../. ^..LL.).\J..U 


f .£^±L^A.^..^.^.SZ\ / 


^.zi)r^,\/k)r.;^.ji...( 


i^l _ (...ZA._ /_ _.~.^..\\.//..,„ 


~..l^a.w.,-,^ i; ^vajj^ji: 


/,..j.z.)..)..(..(^.l../..l..\.\...^_...:\..z.... 


,«./J,. /.l^..Z.^±^../.C.C^.\.^. 


,«.-.\.^.C\. /_..(._.. LC.\„_^rZ.V 





10 



GRAHAM-PITMAN IC SHORTHAND. 



LESSON L 



Write the following in shorthand: 

Pee, Bee. Tee, Dee, Chay, Jay, Kay, Gay, Ray, Hay, Ef, Vee, 
Ith, Dhee, Es, Zee, Ish, Zhay, Lay, Ar, Em, En, Ing, Emb, Yay, 
Way, Pee, Gay, Ray, Ing, En, Em, Hay, Jay, Kay, Lay, Ar, Bee, 
Ef , Ith, Es, Dhee, Zee, Chay, Emb, Vee, Dhee, Hay, Yay, Ing, Gay, 
Pee, Jay, Bee, Kay, Ray, Zee, Way, Ef, Tee, Way, Ith, Ish, Zhay, 
Kay, Dhee, Es, Ar, Lay, Emp, Vee, En, Yay, Tee, Ing, Jay, En, 
Hay, Zee, Ith, Kay, Chay, Es, Gay, Way, Tee, Lay, Ray, Pee, 
Em, Way, Bee, Chay, Ish, Ar, Ef, Vee, Dhee, Emb, Zhay. 

LESSON II. 

There are twelve distinct vowel sounds, and four dip- 
thongs in our language. The vowels are represented by light 
and heavy dots and dashes placed in three positions, and 
the dipthongs by angles placed in two positions, as is seen 
in the following table. The stroke Tee is used only to indi- 
cate the- relative position of the vowels. 



Dot Vowels: 

Long 

Short 

Dash Vowels: 

Long 

Short 



VOWELS. 

e, eve, police 

a, a/e, care, air, obey 

a, arm, lather 

I, ill, tryst 

e, end, fern thirsty 

a, am, ask 



a. all,, orb 

oo, food, rude, do 

o, 6 Id, watch 

u, up, urn, done, work 

do, foot, full 



DIPHTHONGS.. U 

DIPHTHONGS. 

Al I I 

i, ice, my 01 * n ? oy ' ou. out ew, few 

oil, boy | 

First position is where the stroke begins. 

Second position is the middle of the stroke. 

Third position is where the stroke ends. 

The consonant strokes making np a shorthand word, form 
what is called the "outline/"'* and the vowels are always in- 
serted after the outline has been written. Dash vowels are 
written at right angles with the stroke. 

The placing of the vowel to the outline is called "vocaliz- 
ing." 

Read the shorthand word in the same order it is spelled in 
longhand, that is, from left to right and from top to bottom. 
A vowel or dipthong placed to the left of a vertical or slant- 
ing stroke, or above a horizontal, is read before the stroke ; as, 

aid, oah, aim, eg'* 

Placed to - the right of a vertical or slanting stroke, or 
below a horizontal, is read after; as, 



day, low, key, imbue 

All words are written in the position of the vowel ; where 
there is more than one, the accented vowel governs. 

First position for vertical or slanting strokes is one-half 
the height of the Tee above the line of writing ; as, 

r r 

ease, toy 



12 GRAHAM-PITMAN1C SHORTHAND. 

First position for a horizontal stroke is the height of the 
Tee above the line ; as, 



knee, coy, imp 

Second position for all strokes is on the line ; as, 

day, foe, mow 

Third position for vertical or slanting strokes is through 
the line; as, 

-:•)'- I 

ooze, add, 

Third position for horizontal strokes is just below the line 
of writing ; as, 



cow, Ann, imbue 

When the junction is easy, the diphthongs may be joined to 
the stroke; as, 

ice, oil, bow, cue 

When two concurrent vowels occur together, that which is 
sounded n^xt before or after the consonant should be written 
nearest the stroke ; as, 

idea, payee, iota 



DIPHTHONGS. 13 

The diphthong "ew" never begins a word nor follows R. 
Con, Com, or Cog is expiessed by a light dot at the begin- 
ning of a stroke ; as, 

£ i % 

convey, committee, cognizee 

Accom is represented by a heavy dot ; as, 



accompany 

A light dot at the end of the stroke affixes "ing" and a 
heavy dot "ings ;" as, 

--V-V 

bowing, bowings 

When necessary to indicate that a word should be com- 
menced with a capital letter write two short lines under the 
outline; as, 



/:-,L. 



Joe, Jake, Emma, Anna 



Hand in a transcript of LESSOR II., and then write the 
shorthand ten times in a tab. 



14 GRAHAM-PITMABIC SHORTHAND. 

LESSON II. 



1 
/_ , 


•) 


\ 


r x 


^ 1 '^ 


* 


> vp 


ft.\ 


..X 


../. 


s ^ . 


3 '.../.- "' 


£"ji 


sX\.\ — ! __; 


J \- 


- 1- 


-0- 


- xx 


... X r...^ 


v. 


-^'.. 


¥ 1 ... 


X. 


.1-. 


X^.X 


-x--^ 


V 


:C^>_ 


• v — ' 


X.. 




v _, 


■X- 




X. 


'XL 


A.. 


X:L . 


h^.s. 


1 .- 


:j~ x _.. 


/ — 


/\ 


:.'•)_ 


rr 


\-j-j: 


/\ 


d. ___._.. 


T. 

r 


xL 


i:- 


X % X X y v 


9 


-^-.- V -. 



Remember that "accuracy in the beginning is speed in the 
end." 



lesson ii: 

« 

LESSON IL 



15 



Write the following words in shorthand : 



1 

2 
3 
4 
5 



Inn 

off 

eve 

thaw 

oil 

6 vie 

7 arrow 

8 adieu 

9 ado 

10 ohm 

11 yea 

12 laying 

13 sea 

14 sigh 

15 coy 

16 ode 

17 nigh 

18 ale 

19 oily 

20 pie 

21 ice 

22 thigh 

23 shoe 

24 beau 

25 bow 

26 itching 

27 lieu 

28 loo 

29 Jew 

30 abbey 

31 iota 

32 bee 

33 Esau 

34 essay 



35 tea 

36 shay 

37 fay 

38 oboe 

39 Poe 

40 dough 

41 sawing 

42 Ida 

43 wee 

44 pshaw 

45 rye 

46 sew 

47 Joe 

48 Abe 

49 gnaw 

50 fie 

51 dying 

52 paying 

53 jawing 

54 buy 

55 buying 

56 hieing 

57 day 

58 Lee 

59 toy 

60 Roy 

61 ill 

62 wooing 

63 annoying 

64 eyes 

65 adding 

66 ashy 

67 eel 

68 owed 



69 owes 

70 eon 

71 Eve 

72 Hugh 

73 hue 

74 bowing 

75 mowing 

76 eat 

77 sueing 

78 Leah 

79 aiming 

80 easy 

81 tow 

82 Pa 

83 Ma 

84 Abbie 

85 haying 

86 shying 

87 maying 

88 view 

89 eight 

90 ate 

91 conveying 

92 committing 

93 eke 

94 ally 

95 allow 

96 pea 

97 coo 

98 mew 

99 moo 
100 maw 



16 GRAHAM-PIT MANIC SHORTHAND. 

WORD SIGNS. 

The words of most frequent occurrence are represented by 
abbreviated forms ; that is, certain consonant strokes written 
in three positions as are vocalized words, but with the vowels 
omitted. The most suggestive consonant is usually taken as 
a sign for the whole word, and is called a "word sign." 

When several words have the same accented vowel, that 
word which is in most common use is written on the line. If 
there is but one word of a certain outline, it is written on 
the line. 

When two or more words have the same outline, and are 
written in the same same position, the context will indicate 
which word to use. 

The consonant and vowel word signs occur much more fre- 
quently than any other words in our language, and should 
be thoroughly committed to memory. 

The figures 1,2, and 3 denote first, second or third posi- 
tion, while 4 indicates that the stroke is written entirely 
below the line commencing at the line of writing. 



\ 



H- 



:/. 



/- 



v 



..(... 



(- 



ii 



(-■ 



CONSONANT WORD SIGNS. 1 ; 

CONSONANT WORD SIGNS. 

Up (2) ) v was (2) 

hope, party, patent, happy(3) - / — -l use (3) 

by (1) ) , wish, she (1) 

-be, object-ed (2) / J f . . shall (2) 

to be (3) --- y--y— issue (3) 

time (1) 

it. take (2) J usna n vm ' 

at, out. took (3) -J usuai-Jy (2) 

dollar, contradict (I) S law (1) 

do, defendant (2) / /^ _ will-ing (2) 

had ; advertise-ment(3) L-fZ.„ whole, allow (3) 

each l 1 \ u' ' i/o^ "V. ■ here,hear. her, higher (1) 

which, change-d (2) »^W are (2) 

much, charged (3) LZy.. 0UF) hour (3) 

advantage, Jesus (2) important, importance(l) 

large (3) ^r^.__ improve-ment.may be (2) 

common-ly, kingdom (1) .^— " in, any (1) 

come, came, country (2) v__^ __ no > know (2) 

to come (3) ^~y ~ own (3) 

together, go, ago (2) me, my (l) 

to go, to give (3) — -=- may am, him make (2) 

^ — . home, to h!m (3) 

1 (1 for, fact (2) ^ thin ^' English (1) 

few, half, affect (3) ... ^ language (2) 

> — ' long, along, length (3), 

ever , (1) r^ A -^ wh Y, Iowa (1) 

have (2) > ~V J wav , 9 f ; 

however, halve, view (3) A7_V. "away (3) 

think (2) s 

thank-ed, thousand, youth (3) __£ your (2) 

thee, thy (1) , " 

they, them (2) >^ Ohio (1) 

though, thou (3) ./ holy (3/ 

see, saw (1) 
so, say (2) 
us, use (2) 



18 GRAHAM-PITMANIC SHORTHAND. 

The dash vowel word signs are written in the different 
directions of the vertical and slanting consonants and are 
called 

Petoid, Betoid, Tetoid, Detoid, Chetoid, Jetoid, Retoid (up) 

"OLD" is a Greek word meaning like, hence Petoid, like 
P ; Chetoid, like Chav ; Retoid, like Pay, etc. 

VOWEL WORD SIGNS, 



The (1) 
#_._ a, and, an (2) 



* all (2) 
\ ... too, two (2) 



of(l) 
..\... to (2) 



1 already, awe (1) 
l__. owe, oh, O (2) 



1 


or(l) 

but (2) 


/ 
/_.. 


ought (1) 

who, whom (2) 


/ 
/ 


on(l) 

should (2) 


V 


I, eye aye, ay, higl 


#; / 


he (2) 

how (S) 



LESSON III. 19 

LESSON IIL 

COMBINATION OF CONSONANT STROKES OR 
THE, FORMING OF OUTLINES. 

Consonant strokes when joined to others should be written 
in the same direction as when standing alone, the first ver- 
tical or slanting stroke taking the position of the vowel ; as, 



A 



inch, gauge, cash, kick, coke, cook, ripe, rope 

There should always be an angle in combining Ef and En, 
Vee and En, Lay and Em, and similar strokes ; thus, 



Ei-En, Vee-En, Lay-Em 

When heavy and light strokes are joined without an angle, 
the shading should be gradual ; as, 



Dee-Tee, Pee-bee, Ef-Gay 

RULES FOR PLACING VOWELS BETWEEN SIM= 
PLE CONSONANT STROKES. 

First. All first-place and long second-place vowels are 
written after the first stroke; as, 



team, tick, chalk, top, ripe, boil, bake, joke 



20 GRAHAM-PITMANIC SHORTHAND. 

Second. All third-place and short second-place vowels are 
written before the second stroke ; as, 




farm, calnv back, book, move, duke, check, tuck 

When two vowels occur between two strokes, one should 
be written to each sign, if convenient; otherwise both written 
by the same stroke ; as, 



poet, vowel, tower, duel 

An unaccented vowel is generally represented by the short 
sound of the letter used. in the, common spelling of the word. 

It is not necessary to insert the vowel when the name of 
the outline and the word are the same ; as, 

..a i \ir. r 

Lay-Dee, lady; Dee-Kay, decay; Dee-Lay, delay 



CONTRACTIONS. 

* 

CONTRACTIONS. 



21 



.Z. 



Acknowledge-ment 
anything- 
all right 




although 

altogether 
America 

arrangement 
assemble-d-y 
(fficient-cy 



V become, became 

-^ to become, 

- effect 

^-H entitle 

L- ... into 

unto 

equivalent 

especial-ly* 
essential 

cip^city 

familiar-ity 
• - forever 

neglect 

highly, I will 
Illinois 

inferior 
mfer-red, enough 
magnificent-ce 




J \ so far 

\ / useful 

S. , \ irregular- icy 

__1 xC_ _\ regular 

pecuiiap-ly-it.y 

January 
February 
March 

legislate-ure-tion 
// V ^^-^ manufacture-r- ory 

;, memory, -memoranda-urn 




22 



GRAHAM-PITMAN IC SHORTHAND. 



y- 



r 



*^: 



v 



n 




knowledge 

New Jersey 

Nebraska 

involve 

never, November 
Nevada 

nevertheless 
notwithstanding 
by return mail 

new, knew 
now 

nothing 



refer 
represent-ed 
republic 

public, publish ed 
to-morrow 
anxious 

Virginia 
avenge 
average 



PHRASES AND TICKS, 

The joining of words together in phrases or clauses mate- 
rially increases speed and legibility in writing shorthand. 

Usually the first word of a phrase is written in its correct 
position, and the other words follow without regard to their 
position. 

Whenever the hyphen is used between words it indicates 
that they should be joined as a phrase. 

GE,NE,RAL RULES FOR PHRASING. 

A noun or pronoun of frequent occurrence is often joined 
to a following verb ; as, 



T 



he-had, it-was, 



they-may 



GENERAL RULES FOR PHRASING. 23- 

« 

A word and its modifiers may be joined; as, 

a-long-time, come-into 

The parts of a verb may be joined; as, 



<-^-^--^ 



shall-be, will-have, will-do, should-be 

A verb and a noun or a pronoun may be joined ; as, 



give-me, do-so, make-him 

Do not join words which are not naturally spoken together. 

Do not join words where the junction would be awkward or 
contrary to the rules for (joining strokes. 

Do not use phrases that extend too far below or above the 
line. 

Do not employ long phrases. 

When the first word of a phrase is a horizontal stroke or 
tick written in the first position, the distance above the line 
may be changed as long as it does not touch the line ; as, 

■ y - 7..-^- J --J.--j.. 

in-each, in-which, in-much; I-wish, I-shall, 1-issue 

"THE" may be written in phrases by the tick Chetoid or 
Retoid joined to the preceding word; as, 



v-r._ L ....i 



/ 



for-the, in-the, at-the, do-the, which-the, give-the, may-the 



24 GRAHAM-PIT MAN IQ SHORTHAND. 

The affix "IXG" followed by the word "THE" is ex- 
pressed by writing the tick for THE in place of the dot, 
choosing the tick which makes the sharpest angle ; as, 

having-the, doing-the, giving-tbe, thinking-the, making-the 

"A 3 AX or A'XD" may be written in phrases by joining 
the tick Ketoid or Tetoid to a preceding or following 
word ; as, 

in-a, use-a, and-it, for-?., snd-in a, and-for-a 

The affix "IXG" followed by the word "A, AX or AND" 
is expressed by writing the tick Ketoid or Tetoid in place of 
the dot, choosing the tick which makes the sharpest angle; as, 

-i ^---)- 

i 

taking-a, having-a, using-a 



"I" is sometimes joined to a following word by one-half 
of the sign- rising ■ Petoid before Lay Em ? Emp or Emb ; 
Chetoid before Ar; and Ketoid in all other cases; and is rep- 
resented in the middle of a phrase by Tetoid or Ketoid ; as, 



A 



I-think, I-am, I-hcar, I-may-be. for-I-may, for-I-will, so-I-do 

"HE" is sometimes joined to a following word, always 
commencing in the second position ; to a preceding word, tak- 



GENERAL RULES FOR PHRASING. 25 

« 

ing the position of the word, and in the middle of a phrase 
by Chetoid or Retoid; as, 



.r-yS—r^—^—l--:-- ?'- f 

he-was, he will, he-ma> ; if he, had-he, if-he-will 

u HOW" is written the same as "HE" only commencing 
in the third position ; as, 



& 



, - 7 ,- 7 --^>- 

how-much, how-large, how-many 

".ON/> "SHOULD" and "HE" when standing alone are 
written downward ; in phrases, upward or downward accord- 
ing to convenience. 

"TO" or "TO THE" before descending or horizontal 
strokes may be implied by writing a word entirely below the 
line (called the Eonrth Position) ; as. 

to-see, to-do, to-ldm; to-the-effect, to-the-time, to-the-country 

"OF," a OF-THE," or "OF-A" may be implied by Writ- 
ing the folowing word near or joined to the preceding! 

PHRASES TO BE COMMITTED TO MEMORY. 

> yf v V \ 

^__^_- yf V V 

of-the, to-the, on-the, should-the, should-he, or-the, or-he, but-the, but-he, of-a, 

A !_ 
-- I A v- ------- -,— - V ----,-- 

to-a. on-a, should-a, * or-a, but-a, and-but, and-a, and-should, and-he, and-the 



26 GRAHAM-PITMANIC SHORTHAND. 

PUNCTUATION. 

The marks of punctuation are represented in shorthand 
as follows: 

The period by a double length Chay or a small cross ; as, 



The comma, semicolon, colon and quotation marks the 
same as in longhand. 

The exclamation the same as in longhand excepting a small 
cross is used in place of the dot ; as, | 

The interrogation is represented thus 



The dash is represented by a wavy line ; as, 

The hyphen is represented thus = 

The paragraph is represented by a double long period ; as, 



Laughter is represented by 



LESSON III. 

LESSON IIL 



27 



L 



II 







28 



GRAHAM-PIT MANIC SHORTHAND. 



lesson m; 



Write the following words and sentences in shorthand: 



1 


Keep 


35 


tomato " 


69 


needy 


'2~ 


-top 


36 


.outrage 


70 


fame 


3 


"beam 


37^ 


minute 


71 


an-kich 


4 


teach 


38 


monk 


72 


pitching-a 


5 


knife 


39 


vague 


73 


veto 


6 


knock 


40 


enigma 


74 


dodge 


7 


copy 


41 


monied 


75 


bouquet 


8 


king 


"42 


comb 


76 


envy 


9 


dig - 


43 


cubic 


77 


bushy 


10. 


vim 


44 


tomb 


78 


defy 


11 


deep 


45 


poking-the 


79 


map 


12 


beach 


46 


joke 


SO 


penny 


13 


mocking-the 


47 


ditch 


81 


melody 


14 


pope 


48 


chimney 


82 


continue-the 


15 


jump 


49 


muddy 


83 


vacate 


16 


beg 


50-. 


thick 


84 


Canada 


17 


baby 


51 


bevy 


85 


both 


18 


peck 


' 52 


foggy 


86 


nap 


19 


bump 


53 


knack 


87 


pity 


20 


community 


54 


dog 


88 


decay 


21 


maim 


55 


peach 


89 


motto 


22 
23 


cup 
dome 


. 56 

57 


shape 
puffy 


90 
91 


mummy 
acute 


24 


tag 


58 


many 


92 


liked 


25 


tooth 


59 


Tom 


93 


nook 


26 


match-the 


60 


push 


94 


dumb 


27 


packing-a 


61 


mimic 


95 


delay 


28 


palm 


62 


cabbage 


96 


catch 


29 
30 
31 


dupe 

gnash 

tab 


63 
64 
65 


cape 

embalm 

copying 


97 
98 
99 


cake 

Jacob 

Timothy 


32 
33 


couch 
shook 


66 
67 


occupy-a 
cab 


100 


Dick 


34 


duty 


'68 


pipe 







• LESSON IV. ^D 

1. Anything will-become familiar by copying it. . 

2. They are entitled to-nothing if-they continue to-ape : the 
English. 

3. It-was peculiar for-him to-say-anything to-him. 

4. The manufacturer had-an-advertisement in-the new book 
which-was published in-January. 

5 It-may-be a-familiar poem for-which they-ask. 

6. It-was my wish to-go oh forever. 

7. Notwithstanding her peculiar way, she-was usually happy. 

8. They-who talk too-much effect nothing. 

9. I-shall make-the usual monthly acknowledgement. 

10. They-may-move to-Dakota any-day. 

11. The memorandum was-an-important-thing for-them to-have. 

LESSON IV. 

As two different strokes are given to represent each of the 
letters, R and L and the combination SH, it will be neces- 
sary to observe the following rules : - 

R. 

1. When a word begins with R use Ray, excepting be- 
fore M, EMP or EMB, when Ar is- always used; as, 



reap, rag, row, room, romp 



-2. When R at the beginning of a word is preceded by a 
vowel use Ar, except before Tee, Dee, Chay, Jay, Ith, Dhee,, : 
Es or En, when Ray is always used ; as, 

ark, car; arch urge, 'earth 



30 GRAHAM-PITMAN IC SHORTHAND. 

3. When a word ends with R use Ar except after Em, 
Emb, Ray, Dhee or Ith, when Ray is always used; as, 



■vV 



poor, door, mar. Thayer, impair 

4. When R at the end of a word is followed by a vowel, 
use Ray ; as, 



dowry, lerry, cherry 

5. For words beginning and ending with R use two Rays, 
and always use Ray after Hay; as, 



rare, mohair 

Ray may follow Ar, but Ar never follows Ray ; as, 



Aurora, terror 



1. When L is the only consonant stroke in a word use 
Lay; as, 



low, ale 

2. When a word begins with L use Lay unless followed 



LESSON IV. 31 

by Ing, Emp, Emb, Gay or En when EL the downward stroke 
is used ; as, 



CxW-^'-C 



like, leap, laugh, lamp, lag, lion, lung 

3. When L at the beginning of a word is preceded by a 
vowel and followed by Kay or Em use El ; in all other cases 
use Lay; as, 



elk, elm; elbow, alarm 

4. When a word ends with L use Lay excepting after Ef , 
Vee and Ray ; as. 



yr..\r.r..y.%^ 



pole, bell, tail, tile, veal, rail 

5. When L at the end of a word is followed by a vowel 
use Lay ; unless preceded by En or Ing when El is used ; as, 

pillow, valley, kingly, Nillie 

SH. 

1. After Tee, Dee, Lay and before Lay the stroke for SH 
is written upward and called SHAY ; as, 

tissue, dash, lash, shoal 

2. When standing alone and in all cases not mentioned 
above use the downward stroke called ISH. 



32 



GRAHAM-PITMAN IC SHORTHAND. 

LESSON IV. 




)Z3^m: V --_ v _._ 



LESSON IV. 



33 



Write the following words, phrases and sentences in short- 
hand : 



1 


Daily 


35 


toiler 


69 


rocky 


2 


meal 


36 


buyer 


70 


veer 


3 


lodge 


37 


theory 


71 


lull 


4 


elf 


38 


rut 


72 


lime 


5 


Alleghany 


39 


curry 


73 


illume 


6 


mellow 


40 


Rome 


74 


allied 


7 


shawl 


41 


ship 


- 75 


pillar 


8 


aloof 


42 


rung 


76 


Nellie 


9 


love 


43 


tire 


77 


Mary 


10 


tile 


44 


fair 


78 


Elijah 


11 


Shiloh 


45 


tory 


79 


Elisha 


12 


filly 


46 


wrong 


80 


rim 


13 


gully 


47 


marry 


81 


leak 


14 


alive 


48 


layer 


82 


pail 


15 


mash 


49 


dowry 


83 


tar 


16 


bailing 


50 


array 


84 


revive 


17 


lank 


51 


shady 


85 


levy 


18 


molar 


52 


shadow 


86 


levee 


19 


alight 


53 


lazy 


87 


shabby 


20 


lack 


54 


elbow 


88 


shaggy 


21 


leaping-the 


55 


lug 


89 


marshy 


22 


mileage 


56 


foliage 


90 


shocking 


23 


mulish 


57 


mulatto 


91 


luck 


24 


allure 


58 


alto 


92 


Lottie 


25 


rail 


59 


lip 


93 


chamois 


26 


luggage 


60 


launching 


94 


tarry 


27 


vary 


61 


loop 


95 


jolly 


28 


chore 


62 


pull 


96 


lark 


29 


Rambo 


63 


Lula 


97 


thoroughfare 


30 


fire 


64 


ferry 


98 


aroma 


31 


locate 


65 


fur 


99 


marrow 


32 


latch 


66 


lear 


100 


shampoo 


33 


boil 


67 


bar 






34 


lathe 


68 


ruin 







34 GRAHAM-PITMAN IC SHORTHAND. 

1. The leaf of the tall elm on the ledge up the valley was of 
a dullish hue. 

2. The early oat-meal they had in the mill was lumpy and 
mushy. 

3. Leon will leave the luggage at the depot, and take Ella and 
the boy to lunch. 

4. The foliage of the bush in the valley was in a pile ready 
for a big fire, which was to be had in a day or two. 

5. An alimony of two thousand in cash was given to the lady. 

6. The miller was ill a long time in Illinois, but moving to 
Alabama, the change of air improved him. 

7. The law will be effectual in Keokuk, Iowa, if the mayor 
will but see to it. 

8. The boy was willing to do nothing in the way of aiding 
them. 

9. If they wish to borrow money, they usually go to Levi 
Larrabee. 

10. Laura will, early in the day, should it be fair, take the 
road at the back of my home and go to Erie for a row of a mile 
or two on the lake. 

LESSON V, 

ISS=CIRCLE. 

On account of the frequent occurrence of the letter S, there 
is besides the consonant stroke a small circle called "Iss" 
which expresses both S and Z. 

The Iss- Circle is used at the beginning, in the middle and 
at the end of words, and is written : 

1. At the beginning and end of straight strokes, also 
1 etween s raight strckes iunni n g in the same direction, with 
a motion opposite to that of the hands of a clock; as, 



suppose, tasty 



ISS-CIRCLE. 35 

« 

2. Between crossing strokes, on the outside of the angle; 



as, 



^A \ 



dusk, task, opposite beside, 

3. Between curves in die most convenient way, generally 
on the inner side of the first curve, and always on the under 
side of Em, Emp and Emb; as, 



C- 



facile, mus:le, mason, missive, lessen 

4. On curves, and between straight lines and curves 
on the inside of the curve, folowing the direction of the 
curve ; as, 

face dozen, chosen, raisin 

When the circle is at the beginning of a stroke, it is read 
before the stroke and all vowels ; at the end, after all. 

The rule for placing vowels between simple consonant 
strokes given on P. 19 does not apply to words having medial 
circles, loops, or hooks. 

RULES FOR S. 
When a word begins with S use Iss, excepting 
1. When S is the only consonant in a word use Es; as 

La,:!.. 



ice, 



36 GRAHAM-PIT MANIC SHORTHAND. 

2. When two vowels follow or precede S use Es ; as, 



science, chaos 



3. When S at the beginning of a word is preceded by an 
initial vowel, use Es ; as, 



ask, assignee 

4. When S at the end of the word is followed by a final 
vowel use Es ; as, 



racy 



5. When the only consonants in a word are two S's use 

Ess-Is; as, 

1 5 



cease, sauce 



G. When a word begins with Z, or when Z at the end of a 
word is followed by a vowel, always use Zee; as, 



y yr__ J^_/o. 



zeal, zealous, zero, lazy, cozy 



RULES FOE 8. 37 



;o 



The words "Is, Ms, as, has, self and us" may be added t 
the word signs by joining the Iss-Circle; as, 

..I ;:_£; )..... .^} *.. r x 

it-is, for-his, Bo-as, herself, to-us, it-has 

The plural number or possessive case of a noun, and the 
third person, singular of a verb in the present tense, may 
be represented by joining the Iss-Circle; as, 



party, parties, party's; give, gives 

If the word already ends with Iss enlarge the circle ; as, 



influence, influences 



1. The Iss-Circle is prefixed to the Hay stroke by closing 
the hook, but this combination is seldom used. 

2. Strokes with the Iss-Circle either prefixed or affixed are 
named thus : Pee, Spee, Pees, Spees ; Ef , Sef, Ef s, Sef s, etc. 



38 G UAH AM PITMAN IC SHORTHAND. 

ISS WORD SIGNS AND CONTRACTIONS. 



>w 



\\ 



V" 
-- L-- 



L u- 



<0-. 






c5T^n_ 





__. 0__ 



*.£,; 

.'/£-, 






possible-ity (1) 
posterior (2) 
hopes (3) 


£%*::. 


several, savior (2) 
visible (1) 
executor 


speak, super'or-ity (1) 
expect-ed ation (2) 
special-ly-ty (3) 


^"~b — _p 
-_-/*■"* /_ 


impossible-ity (1) 
, improves-ments (2) 
exchange 


times (1) 
its, it-is, it-has, takes, 
take-his (2) 
itself, at-his (3) 


^ 


hers, herself, hears (1) 
ours, ourself (3) 
south (2). 


these, thyself (1) 
this (2) 
those, thus (3) 


pd v : 


agency 
always 
also 


simple (1) 

somebody, exemplify (2) 
sample, example (3) 


7^ 


discharge 

disadvantage 
discrepancy 


influence (1) 

commence (2) 
owns (3) 


LLL^.. 


December 
designate 
domestic 


Miss, myself (1) 
makes, make-his-us (2) 
homes (3) 


%JLf. 


Mrs. 

Messrs. 

Missouri 


similar ity (1) 
some (2) 

consume (3) 


■*±JUSL 


something 

sufficient-cy 
testimony 


is, his (1) 

as, has (2) 
exceed (1) 


-^-P-A---;--- 


as-a 

as-to-a 

as-to-the 



subordinate (1) ,, 

subject (2) °- /> as'*** 

business (1) /> is-the 

city, citizen (1) p of-us, -of-his 

satisfactory-fy-ied (3) v to-us, to-his 

suggest (2) >o. 7 ls - t0 

sinsrle <1) f ^"hesaid 

as-long )2) • ;; \..:j(S_ he-is 

signature, signify (1) ne lb 

because, exquisite-ness (1) i \ it-is-the 

comesco's(2) L Vd ^ . fo ^ n or ( ; hl r „ 

excuse(3) >° —'.j soon (2 or 3 



LESSON V. 

LESSON V. 



39 



•).. 



,l...):.h 

U-J-, 



;k: 



M..L 



h 



4 



'AU... 



\fZ 



[7 



T 






r_. 



1 ^ Y^arJ- 



K (--J-- 
...j &_ ... 



?7 1 






r\ .. 



r. 



/<: 



\ 



// I no L -~-_. C .3^ .TItn /-~\ - 



l" 






„u 



-/- 



a 



> 



40 



GRAHAM-PITMAN IC SHORTHAND. 



LESSON V. 



Write the following words, phrases and sentences in shorl 
hand : 



1 Essay 

2 sat 

3 daisy 

4 says 

5 sight 

6 cite 

7 asking-a 

8 poison 

9 same 

10 sore 

11 chosen 

12 museum 

13 ceiling 

14 city 

15 sons 

16 tax 

17 tacks 

18 ambitious 

19 fasten 

20 space 

21 dizzy 

22 sell 

23 pause 

24 joys 

25 does 

26 signs 

27 receive 

28 sought 

29 sad 

30 nuisance 

31 sinks 

32 aches 
34 gaze 
34 rose 



35 race 

36 pages 

37 pass 

38 muscle 

39 cousin 

40 escape 

41 convince 

42 seem 

43 message 

44 assail 

45 slower 

46 anxious 
47. piece 

48 sitting 

49 beseech 

50 cause 

51 dispose 

52 sown 

53 snows 

54 spy 

55 pies 

56 design 

57 slow 

58 gas 

59 muzzle 

60 sag 

61 sigh 

62 desk 

63 seek 

64 chose 

65 choose 

66 misjudge 

67 conceal 

68 basin 



69 incite 

70 besiege 

71 amuse 

72 imbecile 

73 soda 

74 seed 

75 disguise 

76 passive 

77 fallacy 

78 assay 

79 disposing 

80 embassy 

81 misuse 

82 safe 

83 magazine 

84 Minnesota 

85 sill 

86 aside 

87 side 

88 acid 

89 rosy 

90 pious 

91 sense 

92 spice 

93 spicy 

94 lace 

95 Memphis 

96 testy 

97 opposite 

98 stay 

99 fussy 
100 Ezra 



LESSON VI. 41 

1. It-is simply-impossible for-me to-answer the dispatch today, 
for I-have no-knowledge of-his business capacity. 

2. I-assume-the agency in-Tennessee will ask for-a-reference 
if they decide to-keep-him in-the office. 

3. I-am-sorry to-say-the sales at-the office are much less this 
month. 

4. I-am satisfied I-know-the reason why she-was discharged, 

5. Miss Mary Snow is expected to-be here to-commence taking 
music lessons on-Tuesday. 

6. Messrs. Snell and Snoke have-had-the notice of-the suit 
published in-several of-the magazines. 

7. As-to-the influence this will have on-the Czar it-is impossible 
to-say. 

8. James is satisfied and-happy . f or he-thinks he-will see his 
home folks in a-few-days. 

9. His example was conducive to-right living, causing them to- 
wish to-live up to-a high ideal. 

10. The sample case of books came several-days ago. 

LESSON VI. 

STEH, SES 9 AND STE,R. 

St and Zd are represented by a small loop called Steh 
either at the beginning or end of a word; as, 



•\ ^ 



steep, paused, paste 

Ses, sez, sis, and similar sounds are represented by a large 
circle called a SES" which is vocalized by placing the dot or 
dash vowel of any position within the circle, and may be 
written at the beginning, middle or end of words ; as, 

// . .. O ' O \ .. 

season, ^LCicero, success, necessity, jliSusan 



42 QRAHAM-PITMANIC SHORTHAND. 

Ster, stor or sture, at the end of a word is represented by 
n large loop called "STEK;" as, 

"-*?■■'" *\ f 3 " 

Nestor, pastor, coaster 

The rules governing the Iss-Circle are applied. 

A small circle may be added to Ses ? Steh and Ster ; as, 

-\ So _\__ 

pastors, possesses, posts 

The consonant T may be omitted when it occurs between 
S and another consonant in the middle of a word ; as, 



mostly, testify, justify, postal, must-have, must-be 

The word "Selves" may be represented by enlarging 'the 
Iss-Circle or adding "SES;" as, 

:.C. C. C- :':k: 

yours, yourself yourselves, themselves 



WORD SIGNS AND CONTRACTIONS 43 

« 
SES AND STEH WORD SIGNS AND CONTRAC* 

TIONS. 

q is-as, is-his, his-is, his-has (1) 

q q 9 as-his, as-has, has-has, has-as (2) 

— as-soon-as (2) 

9 _ suspicion-cious (1) 

\ X r> suspect-ed (2) 



11 



V ._ exasperate-d-ation (3) 



first (2) 

the-first (2) 

at-first (3) 
consist (1) 
I r r system, exbt (2) 

__. L..L ■ is-said (2) 






commonest (1) 
— ** exterior (2) 
^ D._. exercise, excess (2) 

q United States, influences (1) 

^"^ necessary, commences-ments (2) 

__.vD<x_D__ success-ful-]y (2) 

themselves, this-is, this-has (2) 
/ "S ^~f assist-ed-ance-ant (2) 

\D.. J O--- enthusiast-ic-ical-m (2) 

influenced, inst. (1) 
^-^ next, commenced (2) 

_.^2-5^_^._. stenographer- v-ic (2) 



possib lities (1) 
possess (2) 



__°_\o__L--- " distincMy-ion (2) 

southeast (2) 

southwest (2)" 1 
step-by-step (2) 



/religious-ly-ness (1) 
/ just, justice (2) 

...0---/. largest^ 







must-have 
must-be 
justify^ 



yourselves (2) 
ourselves (3) 

Mississippi (1) 



44 



GRAHAM-P1TMANIC SHORTHAND. 

LESSON VI. 






^. 



/. 






*- _^> o 



d- 



Li 



/ 



'1_D 



.rC 



-P 



a /3 

7 n _ 



^LQ ">^S" 




/_ 



•b< Q_y 



1 r 



,..Y.b k. 



/C-- 



^ I v " 



^ t s ^ - - 

< v_X5 



/£ I 



'•f ' 



<-£? 






■LESSON VI. 



45 



LESSON VL 

Write the following words, phrases and sentences in short- 
hand: 



1 Study 

2 refused 

3 supposed 

4 boast 

5 possessed 

6 molest 

7 decisive 

8 zest 

9 lost 

10 sliced 

11 jests 

12 access 

13 sufficed 

14 steps 

15 August 

16 confessed 

17 pessimist 

18 announced 

19 earliest 

20 invest 

21 imposes 

22 taxes 

23 amanuensis 

24 devised 

25 costs 

26 stairs 

27 stood 

28 state 

29 leases 

30 missed 

31 hoist 

32 arrests 

33 foster 

34 stating 



35 refuses 

36 abscesses 

37 taxed 

38 forced 

39 impost 

40 rejoices 

41 supposes 

42 . postage 

43 customary 

44 domestic 

45 opposes 

46 notices 

47 Rochester 

48 Lancaster 

49 stop 

50 misting 

51 steer 

52 tasteless 

53 effaced 

54 custom 

55 causes 

56 richest 

57 accuses 

58 joistc 

59 induces 

60 nieces 

61 utmost 

62 amazed 

63 services 

64 emphasis 

65 disposed 

66 saddest 

67 deposes 

68 basis 



10 consignee 

71 style 

72 molasses 

73 cnest 

74 enticed 

75 fuses 

76 successor 

77 waste 

78 exposes 

79 reposes 

80 senses 

81 studious 

82 steady 

83 phases 

84 amuses 

85 convinces 
SQ suffuses 

87 cheapest 

88 ballast 

89 discusses 

90 stamps 

91 advised 

92 status 

93 offices 

94 revises 

95 spices 

96 conduces 

97 axis 

98 tastes 

99 amasses 
100 solaces 



46 GRAHAM-PITMAN IC SHORTHAND. 

1. As-soon-as-he commenced studying stenography, which-was- 
necessary for-his success, his business improved each day. 

2. This system was-the best in-use at-the-time he-was ready 
to-study. 

3. This-is-the-most successful assistant I-have-had in-my office 
for-some time. 

4. If-these laws are enforced, I-fear-the success of-the-cause 
will of necessity be lost. 

5. They own several stores and houses in-the state of Missis- 
sippi. 

6. They expect to go on a long tour, and-to visit many of-the 
cities in-the United States. 

RELVIEW QUESTIONS. 

Consonants, Vowels, Position, and Phrases. 

1. In what direction are the horizontal strokes written ? 

2. What three strokes are written up when standing 
alone? 

3. What is first position for a horizontal stroke ? For 
a perpendicular or slanting stroke ? 

4. How many dash-vowels are there and how many 
dot ? How are the dash vowels written with reference to the 
stroke ? 

5. How many dipthongs are there and in how many 
positions are they written ? 

6. Give the rule for placing first-place vowels between 
the strokes, second-place vowels and third-place vowels. 

7. If two concurrent vowels come before or after the 
stroke in what order are they written ? 

8. When two vowels occur between two strokes how 
should they be written ? 

9. An unaccented vowel is represented by what sound ? 



REVIEW QUESTIONS. 47 

10. How is the position of an outline determined ? 

11. Give the names of the two ways of writing the con- 
sonant strokes for R, L, and S1I. 

12. How is R always written when it is initial and fol- 
lowed by Em, Emp or Emb ? 

13. How is R always written when it is the last conso- 
nant in a word and preceded by Em, Emp, Emb, Ith or 
Dhee ? 

14. When the consonant stroke for SH is preceded by 
Tee, Dee or Lay, which stroke should be used, Ish or Shay ? 

15. How is Z at the beginning of a word always written, 
and what other character may represent this sound at the 
end? 

16. Write the Iss-Circle between Tee-Kay, Pee-Tee, Em- 
En, Ray-En, Lay-Tee, Tee-Tee, Pee-En, Tee-Emp, Dee-En, 
Ith-Em. 

17. Is the Ster Loop ever used at the beginning of a word 
or in the middle of an outline ? ' 

18. Which word of a phrase generally governs the posi- 
tion of the phrase % 

19. Where is the tick for I written when it begins a 
phrase ? He, should, and how ? 

20. Write the following groups of words in shorthand 
phrases: Which is, it may have, he must, I will write, I 
suppose, at this, how soon, I have seen, it should be, if I may. 

21. How are the syllables con, com or cog at the begin- 
ning of a word represented ? 

22. A heavy dot at the end of a stroke represents what 
syllable ? 



48 GRAHAM-PIT MANIC SHORTHAND. 

23. Write the shorthand character for the period, the in- 
terrogation and the dash. 

24. How do yon indicate that a word should be com- 
menced with a capital ? 

25. What is said abont the consonant and vowel word 
signs and the learning of them % 

LESSON VIL 

There are brief signs called 



Weh, Wuh, Yehand Yuh 

for the consonants W and Y. 

When a word begins with W use the brief sign, according 
to the rules given below, excepting in the following case use 
WAY or YAY: 

1. When W or Y is the only consonant; as, 

woe, yea 

2. When W is preceded by an initial vowel ; as, 



awoke 

3. When W or Y is followed by S, St, or Ster ; as, 

wise, west, yeast, Worcester, yester 



LESSON VII 49 

L When initial SW are the only consonants in a word, 
or when they are followed by Bee, Pee, Kay, Gay, Em, Emp, 
Emb, Ing, or Lay; as, 

sway, Swiss, swell, swim 

Well is joined as a hook to Em, En, Lay, El and Ray ; as, 

wine, weal, wear, we-may, Wilson 

When W is joined as a hook to Em, En, Lay, or Ray they 
are called Wem, Wen, Wei, and Wer. 

The Iss-Circle cannot be written within these hooks except- 
ing on Wer; as, 



swear 



o 



Wch is joined at an angle to all upright or slanting 
strokes ; as, 

weep, wide, wife, web, witch, wave 

The Iss-Circle is prefixed to the brief Wen angle when 
followed by Tee, Dee, Chay, Jay, Ef, or Yee ; as, 

sweet, Swede, switch 

Wuh is used before Kay, Gay, Emp, Emb and Ing; as ? 



walk, wag, wing, wampum 



.50 GRAHAM-PITMANIC SHORTHAND. 

Yeh and Ynh are always joined at an angle according to 
convenience ; as, 



young, yam, yellow, yoke, yawn 

When W or Y occurs in the middle of a word and cannot 
be conveniently joined to the following stroke, the brief signs 
take the place of the vowel and represent the sound of W or 
' Y before the vowel. Weh is used for the dots, Wuh for the 
dashes, and these signs are made heavy or light as the vow T els 
are long or short; as, 



quake, quota, quill, quell, quack 

A right angle in the first position in the middle of words 
expresses WI ; as, 

twice, quiet 

A left angle represents WOI ; as, 

\ 

buoy 

H. 

Towels and diphthongs may be aspirated by placing a light 
dot before them ; as, 



hide, hit, heap, hoop, white 



LESSON VI L 51 

When a word begins with H use the dot, excepting in the 
following cases use Hay: 

1 . When H is the only consonant ; as, 



hoe 

2. When H is preceded by an initial vowel; as, 

ahead 

3. When H is followed by the sound of s or z ; as, 



hose, house 

4. When H is followed by a stroke which is followed by 
a vowel ; as, 

/— A 



honey, haughty 

Weh, Wuh, Yeh and Yuh may be enlarged to add another 
brief W T or Y word sign, and are named 

__c => - o o u n__ 

Wehweh, Wuhwuh, Wehyeh, Wuhyuh, Yehweh, Yuhwuh 

<r We," "were," "with" may be joined to other words with a 
hook, taking their respective positions, forming such phrases 
as "We-receive, we-refer, we-represent," etc. 

All phrases beginning with "you" take the position of the 
word sign. 

"You" may be written, in phrasing, on the convex side 
of curves, and may also be prexfied to straight s rokes as a 
hook. 



52 



GRAHAM-PIT MANIC SHORTHAND. 
W WORD SIGNS. 

c C We (1) 
we-were, we-would (1) 

c c O with (!' 

^ with-what(l) 
with-you (1) 

were (2) 
(~ s. were-we (2) 

c.u cy_ were-you (2) 

D 3 what (1) 

what with, what-would (1) i 

would (2) 
_ would-we (2) 

i-.U-.s would-you (2) 

v ye, year (1) 

_..u.._ yet (2) 

beyond (1) 
you (2) 
n.JJ you were (2) 

S~ you- would (2) 

/"" we-will, while (1) 

O...C. well (2) 

y y we-are, with our (1) 

where, work (2) 
awa,^ 

we-may.wj ^iy,warm (1) 

with-hil 

when, we-kn* Kh no (1) 
one (2)« 

w^^^B(2) 

where vef^~ 

inquire^) ^rhere (1) 
nowh 




LESSON VIZ 
LESSON VIL 



53 



A.1X 



^LS 






r__ 



M.-cX 



■j « -- 



■L.J.^^I. 



..-r. 



?- 




s 



-c s\ TV ^ 



/J n__Q_5> . . 



ft 



.^\? 



:.^rT) 






L 



>> 






54 



GRAHAM-PIT MANIC SHORTHAND. 

LESSON VIL 



Write the following words, phrases and sentences in short- 
hand : 



1 


Twain 


35 


windy 


69 


Ep worth 


2 


war 


36 


twinge 


70 


widow 


3 


swallow 


37 


whinney 


71 


swarm 


4 


swing 


38 


quest 


72 


worthless 


5 


wily 


39 


quietus 


73 


hanies 


6 


worse 


40 


acquit 


74 


hassock 


7 


Edwin 


41 


twisting 


75 


haul 


8 


unison 


42 


quench 


76 


haunches 


9 


quizzing 


43 


wives 


77 


haddock 


10 


unity 


44 


hum 


78 


heedless 


11 


hod 


45 


haw 


79 


harass 


12 


hale 


46 


hush 


80 


winsome 


13 


hog 


47 


whist 


81 


harvester 


14 


whoop 


48 


hollow 


82 


havoc 


15 


wares 


49 


Harris 


83 


hearth 


16 


query 


50 


awaiting 


84 


hearty 


17 


weak 


51 


Yates 


85 


hackneyed 


18 


wedges 


52 


leeway 


86 


war 


19 


yon 


53 


wayside 


87 


whir 


20 


yelp 


54 


Oswego 


88 


whirl 


21 


Yankee 


55 


weariness 


89 


wingless 


22 


inquest 


56 


wordy 


90 


wizen 


23 


twill 


57 


wolf 


91 


worried 


24 


week 


58 


squire 


92 


hardy 


25 


width 


59 


houseless 


93 


horizon 


26 


wink 


60 


yellowish 


94 


winnowed 


27 


Webster 


61 


waxed 


95 


hark 


28 


witty 


62 


sweetest 


96 


hitch 


29 


whit 


63 


weary 


97 


woodwork 


30 


quinsy 


64 


swam 


98 


young 


31 


willow 


65 


yell 


99 


untwist 


32 


won 


66 


weave 


100 


eulogy 


33 


wettest 


67 


quickest 






34 


Welch 


68 


yawl 







LESSON VI IS 55 

« 

1. You-are-aware we-will-be with-you Wednesday if-possible for- 
us to-come. 

2. Sir, — We-are-anxious to-have-the rates given on-your-road 
as early as possible. 

3. He-has always improved his time well since being with-us. 

4. The white house on-the-hill is just halfway to-the city. 

5. Do-your duty wherever you-go and-you-will succeed. 

6. One week ago to-day we-were making our-way to-the woods 
for-a picnic. 

7. Your way-bills should-be-ready whenever we make a request 
for-them. 

8. The widower was worth sever al-thousand-dollars. 

9. He-is-a heedless youth and hates to-study his lesson. 

LESSON VIII, 

L-HOOK. 

For the frequent combination of L with other consonants 
a small initial hook, called the L-Hook, is written on the 
circle side of all straight strokes (excepting Hay and Ray) ; 
and on the curves Ef , Vee, Xth, Dhee, Ish and Zhay ; as, 

Pel, Bel, Tel, Del, Chel, Jol, Kel, Gel, Fd, Vel, Thel, Dhel 

Shel and Zhel seldom stand alone, (when they do, make 
the stroke quite slanting), have their hooks at the bottom, 
and are always written upwards ; as, 



bushel, shelves, ambrosial, 

As M, X, and Ray already have the small initial Weh- 
Hook, the L-Hook must be enlarged on these strokes ; as, 



Mtl, Nel, Kel 



56 GRAHAM-PIT MANIC SHORTHAND. 

The Iss-Circle is prefixed to the L-Hook on all strokes ex- 
cept Yay, Em, Ish, and Zhay by writing it distinctly in the 
hook; as, 

A .-„:. / ....ii 



settle, satchel, sickly 



111 reading a combination with an L-Hook, the stroke 
should be read and then the hook. 

A vowel placed before an L-Hook stroke is read before 
both; placed after, after both; as, 

.. v ...v. 

apple, play 

Unless distinct, the vowels need not be expressed; as, 



Bible, lawful 

A perfect hook cannot always be made between strokes ; as, 



label, reply, taxable, blissful 

SPECIAL VOCALIZATION. 

Occasionally a distinct vowel sound occurs between the 
strokes and the hook: 



SPECIAL VOCALIZATION. 57 

« 

1. The dot vowels are made into circles and written be- 
fore the hooked stroke if heavy, and after if light ; as, 

fail, fill 

2. Dash vowels are written through the strokes in the cor- 
rect position ; as, 



course, fall, fool, coal 

3. Diphthongs, and brief Way or Yay are written in the 
vowel place before or after the stroke ; as, 



dilemma, require, procure, qualify, figures 

The rules for special vocalization apply to very few words, 
as most monosyllables are written with the full outline ; as, 



bell, tile, mail, mar 

"All" and "Will" may be added to the word signs by the 
L-Hook. 



58 



GRAHAM-PITMANIC SHORTHAND. 



L=HOOK WORD SIGNS, CONTRACTIONS AND 

PHRASES. 



C_/ 



C_^ 






Comply (1) 
people (2) 
apply (3) 



each-will (1) 

which will (2) 
much-wih (3) 

call, equal-ly (1) 
difficult-y, coal (2) 
calculate-d-ion (3) 

follow-in?, feel, fail, fill (1) 
full-y, fell, fail, ior-all (2) 
fool (3) 



in-all (1) 

only (2) 
^. annual (3) 

unless (1) 

only-as, no-less (2) 
_l-. . analyze (3) ..,.,.. 



million (t) 

promulgate (2) 
iamily (3) 

real-ly, rely-ied (1) 
relate-ation (2) 
rule (3) 



( r 



\ 



\\A 



k t 



'LI. 



I\\. 



withal, with-all (1) 
they will (2) 

though-all (3) 



skill (1) 
scale (2) 

school (3) 

belong, by-all (1) 
able, believe (2) 
deliver-y (2) 

false (1) 
avail (2) 
value (3) 

explicit (1) 
supplies, surplus (2) 
supply (2) 



capable-y 
capability 
collect 

influential 
initial 

first-class 



of-all(l) 
to-all (2) 

at-least (3) 



tell, till, it-will (2) 
until, at-all (3) 
at-all-times 



LESSON VIII. 

LESSON VIII. 



59 



A 



*- C i 



-LA 



m 



\\ 



ir f~^Y 



f -. 






«S3 



A; 



*C 



:V- 



„V- 



6> 



\ \ 



2A_ 



A 

AX-.AA^^ 



^7^ 



b ... /0 k 



/y 



A15. 



I 



I^C^AaY^jA^ 



CO 



GRAHAM-PITMAN IC SHORT HAND. 



LESSON VIIL 

Write the following words, phrases and sentences in short- 
hand: 



1 


Plying-the 


35 


flash 


69 


emblem 


2 


blew 


36 


tipple 


70 


glimpse 


3 


addle 


37 


shuttle 


71 


fluid 


4 


claws 


38 


stable 


72 


relapse 


5 


glow 


39 


annals 


73 


release 


6 


flew 


40 


analogy 


74 


deeply 


7 


oval 


41 


panel 


75 


cloudy 


8 


flows 


42 


relic 


76 


blaze 


9 


closed 


43 


civilize 


77 


flush 


10 


hovel 


44 


saddle 


78 


gloomy 


11 


flaw 


45 


supple 


79 


ankle 


12 


blame 


46 


disclaim 


80 


plough 


13 


block 


47 


bliSvSful 


81 


bleak 


14 


globe 


48 


glossy 


82 


audible 


15 


click 


49 


display 


83 


pickles 


16 


pledge 


50 


inclosed 


84 


railway 


17 


blister 


51 


qualify 


85 


reckless 


18 


tackle 


52 


steeple 


86 


dapple 


19 


classes 


53 


circle 


87 


sincerely 


20 


buckle 


54 


visual 


88 


unable 


21 


Buffalo 


55 


reasonable 


89 


level 


22 


couple 


56 


feeble 


90 


plumbing 


23 


fable 


57 


noble 


91 


imply 


24 


flag 


58 


meekly 


92 


rural 


25 


peddle 


59 


uncle 


93 


maple 


2Q 


plums 


60 


nickel 


94 


floral 


27 


model 


61 


bottle 


95 


relax 


28 


testimonial 


62 


analyze 


96 


Columbia 


29 


angle 


63 


stifling 


97 


blustering 


30 


facial 


64 


chapel 


98 


enlist 


31 


imply 


65 


regal 


99 


analysis 


32 


tumble 


66 


gleesome 


100 


plucky 


33 


humble 


67 


column 






34 


final 


68 


eclipse 







LESSON IX. \ 61 

1. Answering your inquiry of February 21st, we-would-say 
your-claim was allowed a-day or two ago. 

2. Please advise us when you wish the money. 

3. I-believe we-will-be-able to-make a sale of-all-the books you 
wish to dispose of. 

4. We-are-unable as yet to calculate what it-will-cost you, but 
think it-will-be-only a-nominal sum. 

5. Hoping we may be of-some assistance to you in settling 
your-claim, I am, Yours sincerely. 

6. While it-will-be a-difficult-thing to-comply with-your request, 
we-will-do all it-is-possible for-us to-do in-the length of time we- 
have at-our disposal. 

LESSON IX. 

R.HOOK. 

A small initial hook to express R is written on the side 
opposite the Iss Circle on all straight lines excepting Hay 
and Rav; as, 

Per, Ber, Ter, Der, Cher, Jer, Ker, Ger 

Ef , Yee, Ith and Dhee are inverted to add the R-Hook. 
This is done without confusion as Es, Zee, Ar and Waj take 
no initial hook. 

Fer, Ver, Ther, Dher 

As a small hook on Em and En expresses W, and a large 
hook L, for the R-Hook the stroke is made heavy; as ? 



Mer, Ner 



; 62 GRAHAM-PIT MANIC SHORTHAND. 

Slier and Zher have their hooks at the top and are always 
written downward; as, 

sheer, azure 

Iss, Ses and Steh are prefixed to the R-Hook on straight 
jines as follows: 

Sper, Ster, Iss-Der, Steh-Per, Scs-Ter 

Iss is written within the hook on curved strokes ; as, 



sinner, atmosphere 

Iss is joined to Ker and Ger preceded by a straight line 
Alius; 

(- t- 



/- 



disagree, descry, discourage, Jasper 

Iss and Ses are written on straight line R-Hook consonants 
when preceded by a line in the same direction, as follows : 



I 

prosper, destroy, disaster 

It is sometimes preferable to omit the R in such words as 



-K-^ 



subscribe, prescribe, disgrace 



R-HOOK. 63 

« 

Iss is joined in all other cases by writing the circle dis- 
tinctly within the hook; as, 



3 

extra, expire 

Strokes having R-Hooks are vocalized according to the 
rules given for the L-Hook. 

"Our" and "Are" may be added to the word signs by 1he 
use of the R-Hook. 

R-HOOK WORD SIGNS, CONTRACTIONS AND 

PHRASES. 

Vc\ Proper-ly, appear (1) 

\<\ principal-pie (2) 

\"° practice-ical (3) 

\ express, spiritualize (1) 
\. <% surprise (2) 
\^~ suppress(3) 

\ 



-\\ 



by-our liberty (1) 
remember, member (2) 



t \__ number, brother-hood (3) 

I'- 



ll 



internal (1) 

contract, truth (2) 
at-our, attract (3) 

external (1) 
construct, extreme (2) 
extract, Saturday, as-it- 
we (3) 



dear, direct (2) 

during, dark (3) 



r\ doctor (1) 

c — correct-ly (1) 

care, carry, occur (2) 

"~ c ~~~" " cure, accuracy (3) 

*\ over, controversy (1) 

i >_ very, everv, aver (2) 
l!7y. favor (3) 

") either (1) 

/ j - their, there, they-are (2 

'-- /--)--- other (3) 

n wisher (1) 

y sure-ly, assure (2) 

.. ^£ _.?._, share (3) 



64 



GRAHAM-PITMAN IC SHORTHAND. 



Mr., mere, remark-ed (1) 
more, mercy-iful (2) 
humor (3) 

near, nor, north, in-our (1) 
manner (2) 
owner (3) 



J *\ pleasure (2) 

*S--J-./- . measure (3) 

S through (2) 

o — Q describe, scripture, secrecy (1) 

secure (3) 
~~~o-^~ sister (2) 

^N^N^ form (1) 

N * \ inform (1) 
\ — offer, from, free, for-our (2) 

former (1) 
formal (1) 

conform (1) 

in-reply (1) 
in-reference 
in-respect 



property 
probable 

remarkable 

universal-ly-ity 
transgress 
mortgage 

telegraph, telegram 
aggregate 

insure-ance 



of-course 
perhaps 
purpose 




abstract • m 

reciprocate-ity-d-ion 
director 



privilege (1) 

prevalence, prevail (2) 
per annum (2) 



LESSON IX. 

LESSON IX, 



65 




/3 



/¥ 



X.i. r: 



^7..^. A. 



v_Z? . 



..re- 



V-W 



— V 



0_. 



66 QRAHAM-PITMANIC SHORTHAND. 

LESSON IX. 

Write the following words and letter in shorthand: 



1 


Prow 


2 


pray 


3 


tree 


4 


ottar 


5 


cry 


6 


dry 


•7 


crow 


8 


grow 


9 


fry 


10 


threw 


11 


ether 


12 


tramp 


13 


eater 


14 


praised 


15 


thrice 


16 


crest 


17 


• process 


18 


colonel 


19 


grasses 


20 


breezes 


21 


cream 


22 


probe 


23 


breath 


24 


track 


25 


drip 


26 


dream 


27 


croup 


28 


crush 


29 


grip 


30 


grassy 


31 


prayer 


32 


produce 


33 


tardy 


34 


preach 



35 negro 

36 richer 

37 harbor 

38 badger 

39 pitcher 

40 feathery 

41 shipper 

42 lever 

43 trifle 

44 poetry 

45 ultra 

46 vigor 

47 sweeper 

48 dagger 

49 cashier 

50 leisure 

51 editor 

52 mortgagee 

53 lodger 

54 spray 

55 sober 

56 straw 

57 cedar 

58 scarce 

59 stagger 

60 stopper 

61 distress 

62 posture 

63 disastrous 

64 discourage 

65 descry 

66 whisper 

67 stretch 

68 dishonor 



69 journey 

70 broker 

71 depress 

72 flavor 

73 trouble 

74 travel 

75 verbal 

76 treasure 

77 perjure 

78 redress 

79 numerous 

80 cider 

81 engineer 

82 guarantor 

83 sheer 

84 pioneer 

85 church 

86 recourse 

87 figure 

88 shirk 

89 lover 

90 dinner 

91 nerve 

92 charm 

93 minor 

94 roomer 

95 pusher 

96 erasure 

97 tenor 

98 voucher 

99 powder 
100 jobber 



LESSON X. 67 

« 
Messrs. Prouty & Black, 
City. 

Dear Sirs, — Your favor of-the 13th-inst. enclosing papers 
in-the-case of the Philip-White property is on-my desk this A. 
M. It-will be impossible for-me to-take care-of anything-else at- 
this-time of-the year as we-are very busy. If-you-remember correct- 
ly, I-said to-you when-I-saw-you last that-the-price per-acre would- 
be something like $35.00. You-are at-liberty to-think over this offer 
until next Thursday when-the-directors will-be here to-close up-the 
contract. 

Trusting that-you-may become-the owner of this valuable place, I 
am, 

Yours-sincerely, 

LESSON X. 

PREL, PLER, AND BACK=HOOK "IN." 

The L-Hook is enlarged to add the sound of E ? and 
the R-Hook is enlarged to add the sound of L ; as, 

Bel, Bier, Per, Prel, Fel, Fler; Ver, Vrel, Dher, Dhrel 

A vowel placed before a group sign is read before all; 
placed after is read between the hook and the sound added by 
the enlarging; as, 

able, abler, Blair; try, trial, control 

The Iss-Circie may be prefixed to these signs by writing 
it within the hook ; as ? 

settler, scholar 



68 GRAHAM-PITMAN IC SHORTHAND. 

The syllables In, En or Un are expressed by a back-hook 
called "In" at the beginning of a straight line Sper and Spel 
sign and at the beginning of any other stroke to avoid the 
turning of the circle on the convex side of En ; as, 



insecure, inspire, unsett ? e, unseemly, enslave, unceremonious 

PREL, PLER, IN-HOOK WORD SIGNS, AND 
PHRASES. 

\ Preliminary (1) 
(\ parallel, April (2) 
_\C\ parliament-ary (3) 

H trial (1) 

I control (2) 

C during-all-our (3) 

n clear (1) 

----.( color, clerk, clerical (2) 

scholar (1) 

C— C secular-ly-ity (2) 

__G singular-1) (1) 



Q. 



follower, if-all-our (1) 
Q for-all-our, failure (2) 

-V. /-_ there-will, the) -are-all (2) 



^-^ immoral, immorality (1) 

_^— ' moral, morality (2) 

-- c — - nearly, nor-will (1) 

cL instruct (2) 

\ ' instructor 

inspire (1) 



Td inconsiderable-y (2) 

inscribe (1) 
' " ~,S * "" insecure (3) 

P o tolerate, teller (2) 

I ! at all our, until our (3) 



LESSON X. 

« 

LESSON X. 



69 



T 



■-T- 



i 



:£'. l 



i 



1 



f 



^ 



CI / 2J — >• 



1 






zr 



> 



■i 



^__ 



"X 




I 



25 

r 1 ^ 



U-^ ^ 



-<^s 






t; 



/J. 






XT. 



V/i _. 



70 



GRAHAM-PIT MANIC SHORTHAND. 

LESSON X. 



Write the following words, phrases and sentences in short- 
hand : 



1 


Stickler 


18 


valor 


35 


uncivil 


2 


unstrung 


19 


corporal 


36 


burglary 


3 


tippler 


20 


haggler 


37 


puddler 


4 


unswayable 


21 


buckler 


38 


dilemma 


5 


April 


22 


juggler 


39 


chloroform 


;6 


abler 


23 


sprinkler 


40 


chloride 


' 1 


unsprung 


24 


unsolicitous 


41 


hydraulic 


8 


unstrip 


25 


uncermonious 


42 


insoles 


9 


smuggler 


26 


unstrap 


43 


unsolid 


10 


unstruck 


27 


triangular 


44 


unsealing 


11 


cobbler 


28 


unsolder 


45 


unsleeping 


12 


shrilly 


29 


unseemly 


46 


employer 


13 


saddler 


30 


unsullied 


47 


deplore 


14 


shuffler 


31 


inseparable 


48 


ensilage 


15 


teller 


32 


trifler 


49 


ocular 


16 


muffler 


33 


quibbler 


50 


insularly 


17 


tattler 


34 


nibbler 







The shingler who-was working on-the Industrial School, fell 
from-the-top of-the west wall. It-was-necessary to-give-him chloro- 
form as he-was suffering so much from-his injuries. 

The teller of the Savings and Trust Bank was uncivil to-his 
employes, so they expect to discharge him at-the-close of-this-month. 

He unsprung the triangular piece of steel from-the large sprink- 
ler the city was-using out on-the avenue. 

Dear Sir, — Ship by-express, as quickly as possible, one-barrel 
of mackerel and five kegs of pickerel. Truly-yours, 

REVIEW QUESTIONS, 

On Initial Hooks and Expedients. 

1. In what class of words should the Way stroke be used 
to represent W ? 



REV IE W QUESTIONS. 71 

% To what consonant strokes is W joined as a hook % 
Illustrate. 

3. Is the Iss-Circle ever joined to the W-Hook? To 
the brief Weh- Angle ? 

4. Which sign for W is used before Kay, Gay, Emp,, 
Emb or Ing ? 

5. What are the names of the two brief signs for W, 
and, in the middle of words, which is used for the dots and 
which for the dashes ? 

6. What are the names of the two brief signs for Y, and 
in the middle of words, which is used to represent dots, and 
which dashes ? 

7. In what manner is brief Yeh and Yuh always joined 
to consonant strokes ? 

8. How is Weh always joined to upright strokes ? 

9. A phrase beginning with "you" is always written in 
what position? 

10. Xame two ways of representing the sound of H. 

11. When H is followed by S, how should it be repre- 
sented ? - 

12. On what curved strokes is the L-Hook written ? 

13. What is said about Shel and Zhel? 

14. On what three strokes is the hook enlarged for L ? 
Why is it necessary to enlarge the hooks on these strokes ? 

15. Sher and Zher are always written in what direction \ 

16. How is an L-Hook stroke vocalized? 

17. How is a heavy dash written if it comes between the 
stroke and hook ? A light dash ? How is a dot vowel writ- 
ten? How are tiie diphthongs and brief Way or Yay? 



72 GRAHAM-P1TMANIC SHORTHAND. 

18. What is necessary in order to write the R-Hook on 
Ef, Vee ? Ith, and Dhee? Why will no confusion result 
from the change ? 

19. How is the Iss-Circle joined to the straight R-Hook 
strokes ? To the straight L-Hook strokes ? 

20. How is the Iss-Circle joined to Ker and Ger when 
preceded by a straight line ? Illustrate. 

21. Can the Ses-Circle or the Steh-Loop be joined to an 
L-Hook stroke ? To an R-Hook stroke ? How % 

22. How are most monosyllables containing an L or R 
generally written? 

23. What two words may be added to the word signs by 
using the L-Hook ? By using the R-Hook ? 

24. Enlarging the R-Hook adds what sound ? Enlarging 
the L-Hook ? 

25. How is the syllable In, En or Un represented'on Sper 
and Spell signs ? 

LESSON XL 

F, V AND N-HOOKS. 

F ? V and N" may be added to any straight consonant stroke 
by a small final hook, written for F and V on the circle side, 

and for N on the opposite side ; as ? 



Pef, Tef, Chef, Jef; Pen, Ten, Chen. Jen, Ken, Gen 



F, V AND N-HOOKS. 73 

N" may be added to curves by following the direction of 
the curve; as 

Fen, Ven, Then, Dhen, Nen, Men, Es'en 

F is seldom joined to a curve by a hook, but when so writ- 
ten is made natter and longer than the JsT-Hook. 

A vowel placed after a stroke with the F, V, or K"-Hook is 
read before the hook ; as, 

' .\ \\. 

pave, pain 

When a word ends with the sound of F, V or N use the 
hook, but the stroke must be used whenever followed by a 
vowel ; as, 



penny, funny, , review, profess 

S may be added to the F-Hook by placing the circle within 
the hook ; as, 

puffs, cuffs 

Iss, Ses, Steh and Ster may be added to the IST-Hook on 
straight strokes at the end of words by placing them on the 
^"-Hook side; as, 

------v- ■/■ >s 

pins, chances, chanced, puuster 



74 QRAHAM-PITMANIC SHORTHAND. 

Iss is written within the X-Hook in the middle of 
words; as, 



ransom, lonesome 

The F, V, and N-Hooks are used in the middle of words 
when more convenient than the stroke : as, 



-V-...A. ^ 



provoke, banish, finish, traffic 

The final syllables Fer and Yer, coming after straight 
strokes, should be written with the F-Hook and Ray; as, 



^...^r: 



prefer. river, drover, Jefferson 

"OR," "HAVE/' and "IF" may be added to word signs 
by the F-Hook; "On" and "Own" by the IST-Hook. 

F AND N=HOOK WORD=SIGNS, CONTRACTIONS 
AND PHRASES, 

<*. spoken (1) 
\ \ Q expensive-ness (2) 
\--\-- expansion-sive (3) 

\c x perfect-ly (1) 

M \ c\ professor, proof, prove (2) 
V" appfove-al (3) 



pernicious-ness (1) 

comprehensive-sion (1) 
apprehensive- sion (3) 



appearance (1) 
(\ comprehensible-ity (2) 

:-\- apprehensible (3) 



F AND N-HOOK WORD SIGNS, 75 



J 



J. 



contain (1) 
taken (2) 



- 1 — attain, at-one (3) 



1 



constancy (1) 
extension (2) 

circumstantial (3) 



1 o contrive (1) 
u I f] truthful-ly, contractive (2) 
L"" attractive (3) 

divine (1) 
« . ditfer-nt-nce, defense-ive (2) 

_..L__ _.. advance (3) 

J-j- 



, denominate-ation (1) 

done (2) 
down (3) 



\ 



combine-ation (1) 
\ v been (2) 

. VV.. to have been (3) 

religion (1) 



• religion (1) 

(/ / general-ly (2) 

__y__ /__ imagine-ati 



' / 



imagine-ation (3) 

begin, organ (1) 
begun, again (2) 
began (3) 



/ then (2) 



within, thine (1) 

' i(2) 
than (3) 



\... 



men, my-own, mine (1) 
man (2) 

human (3) 



opinion, anyone, in-one (1) 
none, known (2) 
union, no-one (3) 



upon (2) 
happen (3) 
remembrance (2) 



76 GEAHAM-PITMANIC SHORTHAND. 



x 



poverty (1) 

hope-to-have (3) 
before (2) 



at once (3) 
at length (3) 
at our own (3) 



whichever (1) 
whatever (2) 
- out-of (3) 



expense (2) 
expanse (3) 
explain (2) 



p arrive, reveal (1) 

are-to-have, revolve (2) 
learn, alone (2) 



careful-ly (2) 

can, question, countrymen (2) 
countryman (3) 



recover (2) 
cover (2) 

discover (2) 



call forth (1) 

California (1) 
southern (2) 



c. 



if one (1) 
often, for one, phonography (2) 
gave, govern-ed-or (2) 

even, convenience (1) 
y^ i Oy have-been, having-been (2) 

every one (2) 

women, we mean (1) 
woman (2) 
may have been (2) 



:l:\ 



criminal (1) 
economy-ic-ical (1) 
circumstance (3) 

we are in (1) 
we are in receipt (1) 
workman, whereon (2) 



F AND N-HOOK WORD SIGNS. 71; 



but not (2) 
but are not (2) 
but will not (2) 

awful (1) 
. or-if, or-of,or-have(l) 

but-of, but-if, but-have (2) 

whoever, who-have, who-of (2) 
should have (2) 
to have (2) 

all-have, all-of (1) 
or not (1) 

endeavor (2) 

Michigan (1) 
machine (2) 

machinery (2) 



:rt 



78 



GRAHAM-PITMAN IC SHORTHAND. 

LESSON XL 



\ ^ I- 

/--No I KL^. 



,a.a_X 



A-... A^-j ----- -— - 

a^ca~\ 



*__ 



7-- 



_l;a;; : 

' S A A 

.7T\.A-.._ 

A..:v.v^.k.,i.Ah... 



6T^' 






A 



: A--- 






AA 



e^:AV^ 



/j- 



i- 



\ 



V... _o___X*V_y — ^ Q_^- 



/l,'.AI 



^l:..-l°. 



Ar____ \ \ 



\A.A 



^L^..^i... v ^i.f 



i; 



LESSON XI. 



79 



LESSON XL 

Write the following words and letter in shorthand: 



1 


Dive 


2 


strove 


3 


glove 


4 


tune 


5 


.running 


6 


sudden 


7 


sicken 


8 


satin 


9 


brown 


10 


oven 


11 


arraign 


12 


. iron 


13 


shine 


14 


shiny 


15 


soften 


16 


loans 


17 


stolen 


18 


flown 


19 


puns 


20 


tokens 


21 


devotees 


22 


buttons 


23 


bacon 


24 


barn 


25 


beans 


26 


again 


27 


shown 


28 


sponge 


29 


grantee 


30 


instance 


31 


briefer 


32 


turnkey 


33 


drayman 


34 


mines 



35 vanish 

36 tavern 
.37 braves 

38 pins 

39 feigning 

40 prefix 

41 puffs 

42 Jane 

43 broken 

44 ccean 

45 keen 

46 scoffing 

47 quaff 

48 blacken 

49 franchise 
50. proffer 

51 tine 

52 tiny 

53 drain 

54 cloven 

55 troughs 

56 terrify 

57 Chi-a 

58 famine 

59 clever 

60 pens 

61 refrain 

62 unknown 

63 reprove 

64 rebuff 

65 repine 

66 seven 

67 divers 

68 Maine 



69 canvass 

70 demean 

71 replevin 

72 golf 

73 sermon 

74 substance 

75 Philippine 

76 proverbs 

77 banana 

78 ripen 

79 pecan 

80 parvenu 

81 dispense 

82 swollen 

83 spoons 

84 finance 

85 sweeten 
SQ ravine 

87 swine 

88 pawn 

89 lineal 

90 linear 

91 fireman 

92 disdain 

93 anonymous 

94 marine 

95 irgrain 

96 genuine 

97 grief 

98 defeat 

99 ruffle 
100 orphan 



f 



80 QRAHAM-PITMAJS 1C SHORTHAND. 

Mr. Stephen Stevenson, City. 

Dear Stephen, — You must pardon me for not answering your 
summons at once, but the mail trains chanced to run wrong by a 
few minutes, which was very provoking. 

A man by the name of Dan Brown in our town was thrown 
from his wagon last Monday evening, and his head struck against 
a stone; the appearances are that he will die before many hours. 
I think you knew him when you were living here. 

The spring rains are causing the river to overflow, and the 
people living in the cabins on the low places are becoming panic 
striken, as there are signs of a much higher rise than last year. 
. I am devoting every spare minute I have to the study of French, 
as I expect to make a brief sojourn in foregn countries looking 
up the subject of mines and mining, and the French language is 
universally spoken. 

I hope you can obtain leave of absence from your office work 
and make me a visit before I leave. 

Your cousin. 

Cliff Moon. 

LESSON XIL 

SHON, TIVE AND ESHON. 

A large final hook written on the circle side of any straight 
stroke or curve expresses the syllable "tion" or "sion," and 
is called the Shon-Hook; on the opposite side of a straight 
stroke the syllable a tive" and called the Tive-Hook; as, 



^r-TD. 



option, passion, motion, caution: operative, dative 

When the only consonants in a word are STTN use 
Shen ; as, 

:!d^..E JL 

ocean, commission, session 



SHON, T1VE AND ESHON. 81 

« 

The Tive-Hook is never written on curved strokes, Te£ 
being used; as 

native, motive 

When the syllable "tibn" or "sion" is preceded by S a 
small hook called Eshon is made after the circle. First-place 
vowels are placed before, and second and third after; as, 

u\» o\« oV_ 

inquisition, incision, conversation, compensation, conversational 

The Iss-Circle may be added to Shon, Tive and Eshon ; as, 

options, passions, conversations, compensations, operatives 



82 



GRAHAM-PITMANIC SHORTHAND. 



SHON, TIVE, AND ESHON WORD SIGNS, CON* 
TRACTIONS, AND PHRASES, 



^ 



% 



■Vis, 



Completion (1) 
complexion (2) 
application (3) 

perfection (1) 
operation (2) 

oppression (3) 



situation (1) 
station (2) 

satisfaction (3) 



contradiction (1) 
condition (2) 

addition-al (3) 



derision (1) 

direction (2) 
duration (3) 

fiction (1) 

fashion (2) 

affection (3) 

formation (1) 
fraction (2) 
fruition (3) 



conversion (1) 
version (2) 

aversion (3) 

conviction (1) 
vocation (2) 

avocation (3) 

irrational (1) 

reformation (2) 
ration-al-ly (3) 

description (1) 
resignation (2) 
selection (2) 

expression (1) 
exception (2) 

distribution (2) 



y 






acquisition (1) 
accession (2) 

accusation (3) 

opposition (1) 
position (2) 

possession (3) 



organization (1) 

generalization (2) 
investigation (2) 



jurisdictien (1) 
supposition (2) . 
specification (3) 

realization (1) 
relaxation (2) 

transaction (3) 



information (1) 
mention (2) 

conclusion (3) 



\ \ C objection (2) 

-\j-0>--V> objective (2) 

obligation (2) 

\ A „ exhibition (1) 

\) \ . \ subjection (2) 

-_-_-\) \> — subjective (2) 

constitution (2) 
9 °i <V construction (2) 

U-UL. u instruction (2) 

I consideration (2) 

connection (2) 
— ^--- action (3) 



**£&■ 



representation (2) 



representative (2) 
call your attention (2) 



LESSON XII 

« 

LESSON XIL 



83 



//. Tb 



ilr. 



.1. 




fc%)- 



l 



I /... xl A \ 



^B 



L\.^ 



n 



.v 



; r~~i 



- — 2_ 6~~X . 



c.l- 



AC (J__.^_3> 



/£ 



^. 



•)-■ 



84 



GRAHAM-PITMAN IC SHORTHAND. 

LESSON XIL 



Write the following words and letter in shorthand : 



1 


occasion 


35 


discretion 


69 


inception 


2 


suction 


36 


illumination 


70 


recitation 


3 


compression 


37 


confutation 


71 


computation 


4 


abrasion 


38 


congregational 


72 


sensitive 


5 


occupation 


40 


imputation 


73 


vexation 


6 


education 


39 


confirmation 


74 


sensation 


- 7 


vacation 


41 


conductive 


75 


collision 


8 


imitation 


42 


abbreviation 


76 


causation 


9 


irrigation 


43 


invasion 


77 


carnation 


10 


inaction 


44 


emancipation 


78 


assassination 


11 


elation 


45 


proclamation 


79 


desertion 


12 


illusion 


46 


liberation 


80 


compilation 


13 


emotion 


47 


notation 


81 


fluctuation 


14 


oration 


48 


delegation 


82 


Hessian 


15 


negative 


49 


diffusion 


83 


emersion 


16 


imitative 


50 


devotion 


84 


junction 


17 


inactive 


51 


provision 


85 


volition 


18 


fugitive 


52 


ammimition 


86 


pulsation 


19 


assertive 


53 


elucidation 


87 


computation 


20 


reception 


54 


composition 


88 


compunction 


21 


receptive 


55 


proposition 


89 


acclamation 


22 


deception 


56 


deposition 


90 


adoption 


23 


invective 


57 


precision 


91 


stationary 


24 


innovation 


58 


decoration 


92 


prohibition 


25 


presumption 


59 


requisition 


93 


privation 


26 


execution 


60 


musician 


94 


admission ' 


27 


probation 


61 


effective 


95 


radiation 


28 


ruination 


62 


censecutive 


96 


desecration. 


29 


violation 


63 


affirmation 


97 


reversion 


30 


manipulation 


64 


annexation 


98 


excursion 


31 


condemnation 


65 


affirmative 


99 


renovation 


32 


commutation 


66 


ambition 


100 


repression 


33 


contention 


67 


pronunciation 






34 


evolution 


68 


conception 







LESSON XIII. 85 

Dear Sir: — 

We have your message of the 23d inst., and in this connection 
we beg to call your attention to the conclusion of the committee 
which has supervision over the location of the parks on the Des 
Moines River. 

Before the action can become constitutional, additional names 
must be affixed to the petition. 

Hoping we "may be able to master the situation with no more 
confusiou that we have had, we remain, 

Yours truly, 



LESSON XIIL 

Lengthening Ing adds Ker or Ger, and lengthening any 
other stroke adds Ter ? Der ? Ther, or Dher ; as., 



clinker, finger, letter, ladder, father, mother, conductor, embitter 

A vowel placed after a lengthened stroke is read before 
the sound added by lengthening ; as, 



water, neuter 

The original stroke takes the position of the accented 
vowel according to the rule for position of words ; as, 



V 



water, letter, father, lighter, anchor 



86 GRAHAM-PIT MANIC SHORTHAND. 

A hook or a circle at the end of a lengthened stroke is read 
after all; as, 



modern, oysters 

When a vowel occurs after a sound "usually added by 
lengthening, it must be omitted or the R-Hook stroke must 
be used ; as, 



alteration; angry, feathery, entry 

The words "Their," "There" and "They-are" are added 
to the word signs by lengthening ; as, 



in-there, in-their 

for-their, for-there, for-they-are 
if-there, if-their, if-they-are 



through-their, through-there 

when-their, when-there, when-they-are 

whenever-there, whenever-their, whenever-they-are 



WORD SIGNS. 



Neither, entire, any-other (1) 
another (2) 
no-other (3) 




any-other-one, in-their-own, intrinsical-ly (1 
another-one (2) 

no-other-one (3) 



wonderful-ly (2) 
longer (3) 

longer-than (3) 



My-dear-Sir (1) 
matter (2) 

quarter (1) 



WORD SIGNS, 




material (2) 

immaterial (1) 

k£& eccentiie-ity[(2) 

whether (2) ? 3 zz-iz--* i 
order (1) "^PP 

iurthcr,!farther (2) | 

further-than, fraternally (2) 
up-there (2) 

been-there (2) 

/ of-their (1) 

I that-there (1) 

V the-other (2) 

/ V ■ 1 the-other-one (2) 

[ ---/- "*• yesterday (2) 

^ / J eastern (1) 

is there (1) 

was-there (2) 
let-there (2) 

some-other (2) 

some-other-one (2) 
diameter (2) 

northern (1) 

later-than (2) 

sooner-or-later-than (2) 

writer (1) 
rather (2) 

collateral (2) 



QRAHAM-P1TMANIC SHORTHAND. 

LESSON XIII. 




LESSON XIII. 

LESSON XIIL 



89 



Write the following words and letter in shorthand : 



1 Muttering 

2 latter 

3 fritter 

4 moderation 

5 hunter 

6 fighter 

7 moderate 

8 fluter 

9 literature 

10 elderly 

11 folder 

12 lighter 

13 letter-press 

14 metropolis 

15 stipulator 

16 philter 

17 motor 

18 laughter 

19 feeder 

20 inveterate 

21 shouter 

22 sauntering 

23 intricacy 

24 investigator 

25 emancipator 

26 smiter 

27 tenderness 

28 Decatur 

29 whiter 

30 fitter 

31 gender 

32 emulator 

33 excavator 

34 entrance 



35 


federation 


68 


astors 


36 


adulteration 


69 


encounter 


37 


alteration 


70 


flounder 


38 


canker 


71 


violator 


39 


candor 


72 


conspirator 


40 


Luther 


73 


perverter 


41 


alter 


74 


intrigue 


42 


fluttering 


75 


convenanter 


43 


negotiator 


76 


refrigerator 


44 


chronometer 


77 


holder 


45 


harder 


78 


fretter 


46 


center 


79 


theater 


47 


swifter 


80 


dissenter 


48 


motherly 


81 


Henderson 


49 


counter 


82 


Anderson 


50 


perambulator 


83 


prevaricator 


51 


invader 


84 


duplicator 


52 


confederate 


85 


federal 


53 


matrimony 


86 


federalist 


54 


leather 


87 


fetters 


55 


leathery 


88 


asunder 


56 


tempter 


89 


sundry 


57 


hindering 


90 


fumigator 


58 


hinderance 


91 


freighter 


59 


delineator 


92 


some-better 


60 


halter 


93 


Alexander 


61 


matriculation 


94 


intrench 


62 


bewildering 


95 


Ingersoll 


63 


Australia 


96 


high-water 


64 


shelter 


97 


estrange 


65 


drinker 


98 


slaughter 


66 


panther 


99 


imbitter 


67 


shatter 


100 


renter 



90 GRAHAM-PITMANIC SHORTHAND. 

Mr. Walter Hunter. 

Guthrie Center, Iowa. 

My dear Sir/ — We are in receipt of your order of yesterday, 
and in reply we are sorry to say our entire stock is in the elevator 
of one of our large eastern cities; neither can we secure the 
provender at this place. Anderson & Co. may be able to oblige 
you in this matter. 

Asking for futher orders, we remain, 

Yours fraternally, 

LESSON XIV. 

THE HALVING PRINCIPLE. 

T or D may be added to a consonant stroke by making it a 
half length; as, 

_X N - /. ) (.. 

Fetor Fed, Bet or Bed, Ket or Ked, Jet or Jed, Zet or Zed, Dhet or Dhed 

This principle may be employed at the beginning, in the 
middle and at the end of words ; as, 

%,.'.u c_ 

bottom, ascertain, talked 

A vowel placed after a half length stroke is read before the 

TorD; as, 

c r 

v_^ _ _ 

fight, deed, caught, note 

T or D is read after a final hook on a half length stroke, 
but before a final circle or loop ; as, 

■S *> " ^ 

-_ <D.. 

print, prints, gift, gifts, ancient 



THE HALVING PRINCIPLE 91 

The context determines whether T or D is added by the 
halving. 

As the strokes Way, Yay, Emb, Emp or Ing are never 
halved unless they have an initial or final hook, Ar, Hay, El, 
En and Em may be shaded to indicate that D follows; if 
unshaded, T follows; as, 

.-•N ~\ Yi " ^ n^ v^_ m 

aired, art; old, light; made, m ght, end, net 

The strokes shaded to add D do not take either an initial 
or a final hook. 

If more convenient the shading rule need not be observed 
in such words as 



embezzled, mislead, household, excelled 

Ray is never halved when it stands alone. 

THE HALVING PRINCIPLE SHOULD NOT BE 
USED IN THE FOLLOWING CASES. 

1. When the T or D at the end of a word is followed by 
a vowel ; as, 

<"> "I 



-.-V 



motto, needy, veto 

2. When two concurrent vowels precede the final T or 
I); as, 



quiet, poet 



92 GRAHAM-PITMANIC SHORTHAND. 

3. When a vowel precedes and follows L, K or X, and 
I) is the last consonant ; as, 

elude, unsullied, married, renewed 

4. When T or D is final and is preceded by a consonant 
preceded by an initial vowel ; as, 



unite, acute 



5. When the only consonant preceding T or D is initial 



R; as, 



/i 



^i../i-^- 



write, rate, red, rude 

6. When two strokes come together, no angle between, 
making it impossible to tell where the first begins and the 
second ends ; as, 



liked, gagged, vacate 

7. When two strokes are written in the same direction 
the T or D may be represented by detaching and halving the 
last stroke; as, 

attitude, prohibit 



HALF-LENGTH WORD SIGNS, ETC. 93 

« 

8. ED following Kay, Gay, Ef ? Yee or Lay is expressed 
by the half length Ray; as ? 



conferred, lard, veered 



HALF=LENGTH WORD SIGNS, CONTRACTIONS 
AND PHRASES. 



x v . 


Body (1) 

beautv-iful (2) 
habit (3) 
about (4J 


^,- 


behind (1) 

abundant (2) 

bounty iful (3) 


lt.,1 


till-it (1) 
told (2) 

until-it (3) 


u t ... 


constant (1) 
extent (2) 

extant, is-at-hand (3) 



did-not (1) 
J , do-not (2) 

" J 'J--- had-not (3) 



'.,,... 


I did-not (1) 
I-do-not (2) 

I-had-not (3) 


^- 


gentlemen (1) 
gentleman (2) 
imagined (3) 





quite (1) 
could (2) 
act (3) 


_,TO 


cannot, kind, quantity (1) 
account, county (2) 
countenance (3) 


_<£_ 


skilled (1) 

exclude (2) 
seclude (3) 



accord-ins, creature (1) 
cared, court, occurred (2) 
accurate, cured (3) 



94 GRAHAM-PITMANIC SHORTHAND. 



secret (1) 

secretary (2) 
secured (3) 



v if-it, feature (1) 

^v after, for-it (2) 

— >Vl-" iuture (3) 

) is-it (1) 

) x ar,-it, has-it, hesitate- ation (2) 

"'-) — used (3) 

-v Lord, read, ordinary (1) 

>* x heard (2) , 

" V" yard, hard (3) 

^ mind (1) 

ss amount, am-n^t, may-not, mental 

^" movement (3) 

w not, interior (1) 

nature, note (2) 

~~^~ZS~ anterior (3) 

w need (1) 

hundred-th, under, commend (2 

"~~^~Or" owned, hand, command (3) 

in-order (1) 
*- *-% ^ in-order-that (1) 
in-order-to (1) 



except, September (2) 
p accept (3) 

V -V x -- put (4) 

r\ particular, appeared, operate (1 

(\ opportunity, i retty (2) 
_\ oy. superintendent (3) 

spirit (1) 
^ « separate (2) 

— -V— *-- subsequently (2) 



c± 



until-after (3) 
P _ at-any-rate (3) 

, U-9 at-all-events (3) 



c- called, equaled, quality (1 

._1 tow-rd (2) 

"cl"" conclude (3) 

God (1) 
good (2) 
.._ <— . .. great (2) 



thought (1) 
( ( , that (1) 

... C without (2 



HALF-LENGTH WORD SIGNS, ETC. 



95 



% astonish-ed-ment, east, high-est (1) 

' \ establish-ed-ment (2) 

" - J - — -~ exact (3) 



England (1) 
is-not (1) 

has-not (2) 



r .xL 



r 



cc._ 



authority (1) 

throughout (2) 
wished (1) 

little (1) 
let (2) 

let-us (2) 



will-not (1) 
/^y we-will-not (1) 
I-will-not (1) 



-, concealed (1) 

' /° s seldom, sold (2) 

- '-- '— world (2) 

we-are-not (1) 
</° were-not (2) 

_. o?. c/.. word (2) 



-'"J 



/ 1 



Zv 



^ 



want (1) 
went (2) 
at-hand, attained (3 

validity (1) 

valid, valued (3) 
voluntary-ily (1) 



which-will-not (1) 
it-will-not (1) 
practicable-bility (3) 

acknowledged (1) 
afterward (2) 
forward (2) 



. inconsistent (1) 

^■^ indiscriminate-tion (1) 



indispensable (2) 



? arrived (1) 

J_ Z st\. _ hereafter (2) 

" V heretofore (2) 

are-not (2) 
~v crv concerned (2) 



"V 



around (3) 



might-y, meet (1) 
> somewhat (1) 

-«^. sometime (2) 



2 



< 



l.^f... 



intelligence (2) 
iatelligent (2) 
intelligible (2) 



interest (2) 

understand (2) 
understood (2) 



manuscript (2) 



we-may-not (1) 

immediate-ly (1) 
made (2) 



w 



transcript (2) 
onward (1) 



96 GRAHAM-PITMAN IC SHORTHAND. 

LESSON XIV. 



/\... 






^ ^. V *~ ^. . /: 

^ . <^> A. -p.. Jr... ^ <r~^ 




LESSON XIV. 



97 



LESSON XIV. 

Write the following words and letter in shorthand : 



1 


Bought 


35 


settlement 


69 


empty 


2 


tight 


36 


statement 


70 


acute 


3 


debt 


37 


defect 


71 


write 


4 


cheat 


38 


loaded 


72 


vacate 


5 


caught 


39 


cipwu 


73 


hallowed 


6 


got 


40 


redeemed 


74 


hurried 


7 


feet 


41 


refund 


75 


allied 


8 


lot 


42 


ultimate 


76 


vendor 


9 


meet 


43 


appellant 


77 


regard 


10 


neat 


44 


apparent 


78 


tontine 


11 


bid 


45 


insert 


79 


tickets 


12 


deed 


46 


estimation 


80 


named 


13 


.grand 


47 


execute 


81 


cement 


14 


loaned 


48 


corporate 


82 


received 


15 


joined 


49 


freedom 


83 


remit 


16 


bright 


50 


appropriate 


84 


cattle 


17 


freight 


51 


fiat 


85 


attached 


18 


paved 


52 


inviting 


86 


ready 


19 


drained 


53 


copartner 


87 


between 


20 


impatient 


54 


cordially 


88 


agreement 


21 


drafts 


55 


congratulate 


89 


bond 


22 


convened 


56 


remote 


90 


verdict 


23 


cautioned 


57 


repeat 


91 


confident 


24 


street 


58 


replied 


92 


divided 


25 


held 


59 


discount 


93 


prompt 


26 


erred 


60 


enjoined 


94 


resident 


27 


send 


61 


swift 


95 


detect 


28 


indeed 


62 


lots 


96 


incurred 


29 


estimate 


63 


floods 


97 


. suspend 


30 


esteemed 


64 


counts 


98 


agent 


31 


illustrate 


65 


violates 


99 


treaty 


32 


duplictae 


66 


conducts 


100 


treat 


33 


probate 


67 


retail 






34 


record 


68 


grantor 







98 GRAHAM-PITMAN 1C SHORTHAND. 

Mr. Peter L. Flint 

Philadelphia, Pa. 

Dear Friend, — Yours of Oct. 8th at hand and contents noted. 
We have no goods of the kind mentioned, but if you wish we could 
have the lot made for you. It will take about two or three weeks to 
get them finished in good shape. Let us know by return mail what 
you need, and we will have them sent to you freight prepaid. 

Replying to your esteemed favor of the 7th ult. would say 
we cannot accept your offer at the price named. We cannot sell 
these goods for less than $1.25 as they are in great demand, and 
heretofore there have been no complaints made, but if you are not 
satisfied, please return them and we will refund the amount paid 
less the expense of freight. 

We regret that we have not been able to forward you quota- 
tions as you requested some time ago, but as soon as we ascertain 
what they are we will notify you and your superintendent. 

We would be glad to receive your future orders. 

Yours truly, 

REVIEW QUESTIONS. 

On Final Hooks and Expedients. 

1. What two letters are represented by a small final 
hook on the Iss-Circle side of straight strokes ? What letter 
to the curved stroke by a small final hook ? 

2. A vowel placed after a stroke with a small final hook 
is read when ? 

3. How is the Iss-Circle added to the F-Hook ? To the 
:N*-Hook? 

4. What three words may be added to word signs by 
the use of the F-Hook ? What two words by the use of the 
N-Hook % 

5. How should the final syllables Fer and Ver coming 
after a straight stroke be written ? 



REVIEW QUESTIONS. 99 

« 

6. How are the syllables Shon and Tive represented? 

What is the rule in regard to the use of the Tive-Hook on 
curves ? 

7. Give the rule for vocalizing the Eshon-Hook. 

8. When SH and !N" are the only consonants in a word, 
how are they to be represented ? 

9. May the Iss-Circle be added to the Shon, Tive or 
Eshon Hooks ? 

10. Lengthening Ing adds what syllables ? Lengthening 
any other stroke? 

11. A vowel placed after a lengthened stroke is read 
when ? 

12. When a vowel occurs after the sound usually added 
by lengthening, what do you do ? 

13. What three words may be added to word signs 
by lengthening them ? 

14. What two letters may be added by halving a stroke ? 
What determines which letter is added? 

15. Give the names of half-length Pee, Dee, Dhee and 
Zee. 

16. May the halving principle be used in the middle of 
an outline ? 

17. It is always necessary to express each vowel in a 
word ? 

18. What four strokes are never halved unless they have 
a loop or an initial or final hook? 

19. A vowel placed after a half-length stroke is read 
when ? 

LcfC. 



100 GRAHAM-P1TMANIC SHORTHAND. 

20. When is the T or D read with reference to a final 
hook on a half-length stroke ? 

21. An Iss-Circle on a half-length stroke is read when? 

22. What four strokes are shaded to indicate that D 
follows ? 

23. Do the strokes shaded to add D take either a final or 
an initial hook? 

24. What is the rule in regard to half-length Ray ? 

25. Give three occasions when the adding of T or J) to 
a word cannot be indicated by halving the stroke. 

LESSON XV. 

CONTRACTIONS AND EXPEDIENTS. 
Prefixes. 

ACCOM is represented by a heavy dot written at the 
beginning of a stroke ; as, 

i \_ 

accommodation, accompany 

CIECTJM and SELF are represented by the Iss-Circle 
written beside the stroke; as, 



circumference, circumspect, self-denial self-important 

CONTRA, COETRO, COETRI and COUNTER are 



CONTRACTIONS AND EXPEDIENTS. 101 

represented by a tick written at right angles at the beginning 
of a stroke; as, 

\, ^ .„ 

contravene, contribution, counterfeit countermand 

COXCCXM is represented by two light dots, one above the 
other; as, 

A........-- 1 . 

concomitant, concomitance 

-.DECOM, DISCOM, DISCOX are represented by Dee 
written near the beginning of a stroke ; as, 

-K- 10.......U. 

decompose, discomfort, disconnection 

EXTEE, IXTEE, IXTEO, AXTI and AXTE are repre- 
sented by Net either joined or disjoined; as, 

.... _^_ 

enterprise, intercourse, introduce, anticipate, antecedent 

FOE and FORE may be represented by Ef ; as, 



forfeit, forefather 

INCOG, INCOM, IXCOX, INCUM are represented by 



102 GRAHAM-PIT MANIC SHORTHAND. 

En written above the line near or partly over the stroke; as, 

^L_.j T x..:_.:y. 



incognito, incomplete, incontestable, incumbrance, incumber 

'IN may be represented by the Back-Hook In ; as, 

.^....../r\ f. 

in-some, in-his-labors, in-his-Iight 

IRRECON is represented by Ar near the stroke ; as, 



irreconciliation 

MAGNA, MAGNE and MAGNI are represented by Em 
written over the stroke ; as, 



magnanimous, magnesia, magnify 

MISCOM and MISCON are represented by Ems written 
over the stroke ; as, 

■*s --%-- 

miscompute, misconception 

NONCOM and NOKCON are represented by Ken 
written over or through the first stroke ; as, 



.! %■.. 

noncommittal, nonconductor 



CONTRACTIONS AND EXPEDIENTS. 103 

POST is represented by Pees ; as, 



post office, postmaster, postpone 

RECOG, EECOM, RECON, RECUM are represented 
by disjoined Ray; as, 

/V. 



recognize, recommend, reconciliation, recumbent 

TRANS is represented by Ters ; as, 

* V--V- 1 

transact, transplant transpose, transmit 

UXCOM and UNCON" are represented by En written on 
the line near the beginning of a stroke ; as, 

uncompressed, unconstrained 

WITH as a prefix is represented by Dhee ; as, 



A....-J 



C 



withdrawn, withhold, withstand 

Word signs are sometimes used as prefixes ; all word signs 
except "Under" retaining the position they have as word 
signs; as, 

-\ ^--^---t — m n .; 

afterthought, afterward, altogether, although, undertake, undertook. 



104 GRAHAM-PITMANIC SHORTHAND. 

Suffixes. 

BLE and BLY are represented by joined Bee when Bel 
cannot be conveniently used ; as, 



questionable, sensibly 



BLEKESS, FULNESS and SOMEOTESS are represented 
by a small circle at the end of a stroke ; as, 






feebleness, carefulness, irksomeness 

FORE and FAR are represented by Ef ; as, 



therefore, so- far, as-far-as 

TNG is represented by a light dot and INGS by a heavy 
dot at the end of a stroke ; and sometimes by the stroke ; as, 



testing, testings, writing 



I1STGLY and TNG DHER are represented by a heavy dis- 
joined tick; as, 

knowingly, doing-their, going-there 



CONTRACTIONS AND EXPEDIENTS. 105 

ING-IIIS and IXG-US may be represented by the Iss- 
Oircle written in the place of the Ing-Dot ; as, 



doing-his, giving-us 



LESSXESS is represented by a large circle written at the 
end of a word and disjoined ; as ? 

( 

carelessness, thoughtlessness 

OLOGY and ALOGY are represented by Jay either 
joined or disjoined; as ; 

i- > -^ 

theology, physiology, mineralogy 

BILITY, LAEITY, MALITY, PAEITY are represented 
by disjoining the stroke from the preceding part of the 
word ; as, 



*~ 



affability, popularity, formality, disparity 

MEJSTTAL and MENTALITY are represented by Ment 



written near the end of the stroke ; as 



._yr?_ U_. 

fundamental, instrumentality 



106 GRAHAM-PITMAN IC SHORTHAND. 

SHIP is represented by Isli joined or disjoined; as, 

y }--V 

friendship, ownership, hardship, membership 

SOEVER is represented by Iss-Vee joined, and Iss dis- 
joined; as, 

^ -t -^v- 

whensoever, whosoever, whithersoever 

EUL and EITLLY may be represented on full length 
straight line consonants by the E-Hook ; as, 

/_____/ ^ 

joyful, cheerfully, carefully 

THEIR, THERE and THEY-ARE may sometimes be 
represented by a heavy tick, called the Dher-Tick, written in 
the direction of Bee or Jay; as, 

6^_. 



because-they are were-you-there 

A word sign may be used to represent a suffix ; as, 



-i~.~ i -%. 



thereafter, thereto, whenever 

In order to distinguish "Of" from "To," "Of" is dis- 
joined; as, 



thereof 



CONTRACTIONS AND EXPEDIENTS. 107 

01ST is sometimes represented by the N-Hook ; as, 



thereon, later-on, lookeron 

PHRASES. 



Phrases may be formed by the omission of any word which 
can be readily supplied to make complete sense ; as ? 

-c_^ ■>_ >_ n ...ii... 

one-of-the-most, word-of-God, b*-and-by, year-to-year from-day-to-day 

year-after-year 
year-by-year 



1! 



\*£L 



from-time-to-time, hand-in-hand, more-or-less, on-the-contrary 

_ _ — y-ir^ 

aecording-to, in-regard-to, it-seems-to-me, by-return mail 



108 



GRAHAM-PITMAN IC SHORTHAND. 

LESSON XV. 



,:b. 



'~N 



'J" 



___\> ^A. 



^> 1 '^ V, 



c 






-^y 



'\ A 



V*..^:7 



.<:- 



. „ Vo. 






--_.k^t-.^ 



L 



43-^- 



//_ 



:rv 



.:A-.-^-)- 



a 



n. 



L 



sr% 



k 



"I- 



LESSON XV. 



109 



LESSON XV. 



Write the following words and letter in shorthand : 



\ accomplice 

2 accompany 

3 afternoon 

4 circumference 

5 self-denial 

6 conceit 

7 communicate 

8 contravene 

9 countersign 

10 contribute 

11 discommode 

12 interview 

13 . interpose 

14 intercourse 

15 intermission 

16 interchange 

17 introduce 

18 foreseen 

19 transplant 

20 unrecompensed 

21 unconscious 

22 foresworn 

23 undertake 

24 altogether 

25 magnitude 

26 selfish 

27 recommend 

28 foreclose 

29 self-knowledge 

30 self-same 

31 intertwine 

32 continue 

33 aforesaid 

34 inconvenience 



35 incumbent 

36 incommode 

37 magnify 

38 misconception 

39 miscompute 

40 noncontagious 

41 post office 

42 postman 

43 postal card 

44 reconsider 
54 recognize 

46 reconnoiter 

47 self-evident 

48 self-conceit 

49 self-improvement 

50 transpose 

51 translation 

52 translator 

53 decomposition 

54 disconnection 

55 disconcert 

56 counterbalance 

57 counterpart 

58 contravention 

59 magnifyer 

60 magnified 

61 disparity 

62 sensible 

63 accountable 

64 knowableness 

65 serviceableness 

66 carefulness 

67 watchfulness 

68 gladsomeness 



69 burdensomeness 

70 wherefore 

71 knowingly 

72 heedful 

73 helpful 

74 endearingly 

75 needlessness 

76 heedlessness 

77 lawlessness 

78 helplessness 

79 helpfulness 

80 sinfulness 

81 amazingly 

82 listlessness 

83 posterity 

84 supplemental 

85 instrumental 

86 regimental 

87 monumental 

88 forcibleness 

89 theology 

90 physiology 

91 courtship 

92 wheresoever 

93 truthfully 

94 hatefully 

95 respectively 

96 charmingly 

97 cognition 

98 contraband 

99 non-concur 
lO'O non-content 



110 GRAHAM-PITMANIC SHORTHAND. 

Dear Friend, — I received a postal from the postmaster this after- 
noon, in which he said there was a letter of mine in the post office 
undelivered for the want of a stamp, and upon applying at the 
office, I found it was one I had sent you several days ago in reply 
to your request for a recommendation, and I enclose with this what 
I think will be serviceable to you. 

I trust that you will meet with success in your new enterprise, 
and hope the same will grow into popularity with the people. In 
your transactions, I want you to recognize my friendship for you 
is such that you will feel at perfect liberty to call upon me for 
any assistance I may be able to render. 

I had an interview with one of the most sensible business men 
in your township the other day in which I mentioned your plan, 
and he was amazingly taken with it even in its present incom- 
plete state, and thinks he can use it in his own business quite 
profitably, so it is self-evident it will make friends wherever intro- 
duced. 

If you will pardon this effusive epistle, I will promise most 
positively to refrain in the future from forcing myself to your 
notice on this subject. 

Yours fraternally, 

SHORTHAND NOMENCLATURE. 

The figures 1, 2 and 3 denote first, second or third position, 
while 4 indicates that the stroke is written entirely below the 
line commencing at the line of writing. 

The hyphen written between strokes denotes that the 
strokes are to be joined. 

The colon denotes that the strokes are to be disjointed and 
written near the other portion of the word. 

The dagger denotes that the stroke following is to be 
written through the preceding one. 



WORD SIGNS, CONTRACTIONS AND PHRASES. Ill 
WORD SIGNS, CONTRACTIONS AND PHRASES, 

A 



A. an, and Dot2 

ability Bleti 

able Bel2 

able to Blet2 

able to have Blef2 

about Bet^ 

abstract Bee3-Ster 

abundant Bend2 

accept Spet3 

accession Kayseshon2 

accident Sdent2 

accord-ed-ance-ing-ly Kredi 

accounted Kent2 

accurate Krets 

acknowledge-ment Kay-Jay2 

acknowledged Kay — Jedi 

accuracy Ker3 

accusation KayseshonS 

acquaint-ed-ance Kay2-Net 

acquisition Kayseshoni 

active-ly-ity Kaytive3 

addition Deeshon3 

administer Dee3-Ster 

administration Dee3-Stershon 

admonish Dee3-Men 

advance Defs 

advancement Des3-Ment 

advantage Jay2 

advertise-d-ment-er Dee3 

affect Efs 

affection Efshon3 

affliction Efshon3 

after Fet2 

afterward Fet2-Werd 

again Gen2 

agency Jay2-Es 

aggregate Ger2-Gay 

ago Gay2 

all Betoidi 

all of, have Beftoidi 

all right Betoidi-Ray-Tee 

all the Betoidi-Chetoid 

almost Betoidi-Emst 

alone Len2 



along Ing3 
already Detoidi 
although Betoidi-Dhee3 
altogether Betoidi-Gay 
also Lay2-Es 
always Lay2-Ways 
am Em2 
am not Ment2 
America Em2-Kay 
American Em2-Ken 
amount Ment2 
and a Ketoid2-Tetoid 
and all, and will Keltoid2 
and but Ketoid-Tetoid2 
and he Ketoid-Chetoid2 
and should Ketoid-Chetoid2 
and the Ketoid2-Chetoid 
angel Jel2 
angelic Jel2-Kay 
annual Nel3 
another Enther2 
another one Enthern2 
anterior En2 
any one Neni 
any Eni 

anybody En-Bedi 
any other Entheri 
any other one Entherni 
anything Eni-Ing 
anywhere En-Weri 
appear Peri 
appeared Preti 
appearance Prensi 
appertain Pee3-Ret-En 
appliance Plens3 
applicable-ity Pel3-Kay 
applicant Plents 
application Pelshon3 
apply Pels 
applied Pled3 

apportion-ment Pee3-Rashon 
apprehend Prend3 
apprehension Pren3 
apprehensible Prens3 



112 



GRAUAM-PITMANIC SHORTHAND. 



approbation Per3-Beeshon 
appropriation Per2-Pershon 
approve Pref3 
approved Prefts 
April Prel2 
arbitrary ArS-Bet 
are Ar2 
are not Arnt2 
arrange-ment Ray2-En- Jay- 
arrive Refi 
arrived Reft* 
are of, are to have Ref2 
as Iss2 

as a Iss-Ketoid2 
as is Ses2 
as has Ses2 
as it Zet2 
as it were Sters 
as not Sent2 
as soon as Ses-Ens2 
as the Iss2-Chetoid 
as there, as their Zeether3 
as to a Iss2-Tetoid 
as to the Iss2-Petoid 
assemble-y Es2-Em 
assignment Esi-Ment 
assist-ed-ance Es2-Steh 
association Es-Iss-Eshon2 
assure Sher2 
assurance Sher2-Ens 
astonish-ed-ment Esti 



at Tee3 

at all Teis 

at all times Tel3-Tees 

at any rate Tees-Nert 

at first Teests 

at hand Tend3 

at least Telsts 

at length Tlen3 

at one Ten3 

at once Tens3 

at our Ter3 

at our own Tren3 

attain Tens 

attainment TeeS-Ment 

attend Tend2 

attract Ter3 

attraction Tershon3 

attractive Trefs 

authority Treti 

average Vees-Jay 

averse Verss 

aversion Vershcn3 

avert Vert-3 

avoid-ed-ance Vedi 

avocation Veeshon3 

aware Wer3 

away Ways 

awe Detoidi 

awe of Deftoidi 

ay Ii 

aye I 1 



Bachelor Chler3 
balance Blens 3 
bank Bee3-Ing 
banker Bee3-Inker 
be Bee2 
been Ben2 

been there Beedher2 
beauty-iful Bet2 
because Kaysi 
become Bee2-Kay 
before Bef2 
began Gen3 
begin Geni 



begun Gen2 
behind Bendi 
behold Bl.ed2 
belief Blef2 
believe Bel2 
belong Beli 
Benjamin Bee2-En-Jay 
better Bet2-Ray 
better than Bet2-Ren 
between Beti-Wen 
beyond Yuhi 
body Bedi 
hounty-iful Bents 



WORD SIGNS, CONTRACTIONS AND PHRASES. 113 



brethren Brens 
brother Bers 
build-t Bledi 
business Beesi 
but Tetoid2 
but all Teltoid2 
but are Tretoid2 
but are not Trentoid2 



but not Tentoid2 

but will Teltoid2 

but will not Tlentoid2 

by Beei 

by all Bell 

by his, by us Beesi 

by our Beri 

by return mail Beef Emi 



Calculate-d-tion Kel3 

California Klefi-Ray 

call KeU 

call forth Klefi 

call your attention Kel-Yay2-Enshon 

called Kledi 

can Ken2 

cannot Kenti 

capable-y Kay-Bel2 

capability Kay: Bee2 

capacity-cious Kay-Pee2 

capital-tol Kay-Pet3 

captain Kay-Pets 

care Ker2 

cared Kred2 

careful Kref2 

carpenter-y Ker-Pent2 

certain Iss-Ret2 

certificate Iss-Reti-Ef 

certify Iss-Ret2-Ef 

cessation Ess2-Iss-Eshon 

chair Cher2 

change Chay2 

character Ker2-Kay 

characteristic Ker2-Kayst 

charge Chay3 

charity Cherts 

cheer Cheri 

cheerful Cherfi 

child, childhood Chelti 

children Chel2 

christian-ity Kreni 

christianize Krensi 

circumstance Stens3 

circumstantial StenS 

citizen Steel 

clear Kleri 

clerk, clerical Kler2 



Co. Kay2 
come Kay 2 
combination Beni 
combine Beni 
comfort Ef2-Ret 
commence Ens2 
commencement Ens2 
commerce Kay2-Mers 
commercial Kay2-Mer 
common Kayi 
commonest Kaysti 
company Pee2-En 
collateral Kay2-Layter 
collect Kel2-Kay 
color Kler2 
complete Pleti 
completion Pelshoni 
complied Pledi 
comply PeU 
compliance Plensi 
complexion Pelshon2 
comprehend Prend2 
comprehension-ible-ity-ive Pren2 
concern Sarn2 
conclude Kleds 
conclusion Kelshons 
conclusive Kelss 
condition-al Deeshon2 
conform Con Dot Feri 
consequence Skensi 
consequent Skenti 
conservative Iss-Ray2-Vee 
consider Sder2 
considered Sdredi 
consideration Sdershon2 
consist Ses-Teei 
consistency Ses-Teni 
constancy Steni** 



114 



GRAHAM-PITMANIC SHORTHAND. 



constant Stent* 
constituent Steh-Tenti 
constitution Steh-Teeshon2 
construct Ster2 
construction Stershon2 
constructive Stref2 
consume Sems 
consumed Smeds 
consumption Semption2 
contain Ten* 
contained Tend* 
contemplate-ation Tee2-Emp 
contents Tents* 
contingency Tee2-En-Jay 
contract Ter2 
contraction Tershon^ 
contradict Dee* 
contradiction Deeshoni 
contrive Trefi 
control Trel2 
convenience Veni 
convenient Vent* 
conviction Veeshoni 



conversion Vershoni 

convert Verti 

correct Keri 

correction Kershoni 

correspondent Ker-Spendi 

could Ked2 

could not Ked2Nel 

country Kay2 

countryman Ken3 

countrymen Ken2 

county Kent2 

countenance Kents 

course Kers2 

court Kret2 

cover Kef2 

creature Kreti 

creation Kershon2 

cross examination Ker2-Sme^ 

cross examined Ker2-Smend 

cure Ker2 

cured Kiets 

curious Kers2 



Danger Jer2 
dangerous Jers2 
dark Ders 
darkness Drens- 
dear Der2 

December Dees2-Em 
defendant Dee2 
defense Def2 
deficient-cy Dee^-Ex-Shay 
degree Geri 
delight-ed Diet* 
delinquent Dleni 
delinquency Dleni 
deliver Del2 
denominate-tion Deni 
depend-ent-ence-y Dee2-Pend 
derive-ation Drefi 
derision Dershoni 
derogatory Der2-Get 
describe Skeri 
description Skershoni 
descriptive Skrefi 
deserve Dees2-Ray 



designate Dees2-Gay 
destruction Dee2-Stershon 
diameter Dee2-Emter 
did Dedi 
did not Dent* 
differ-ent-ence Def2 
difficult-y Kel2 
direct Der2 
direction Dershon2 
director Der2-Ter 
directory Der2-Ket 
disadvantage Dees2-Jay 
discharge Dees2-Chay 
discover Dess^-Kef 
discrepancy Dees2-Kay-Pee 
distinct-ion Deest2 ' 
distribution Deester2-Beeshon 
divine-ity Defi 
do Dee2 
doctor Deri 
doctrine Dreni 
dollar Deei 
domestic Dee2-Ems-Kay 



WORD SIGNS, CONTRACTIONS AND PHRASES. 115 



done Den2 

do not Dent2 

down Den^ 

down there Deedher3 



duration Dershon3 
during Der3 
during all Dreis 



Each Chayi 

each are Cheri 

each of Chefi 

each one Cheni 

each will Cheli 

east Esti 

eastern Esterni 

eccentric-ity Kays2-Enter 

economy-ic-ally Keni-Em 

effect Ef2-Kay 

efficient Ef2-Shay 

either Dheri 

electro-ic-ity E12-Kay 

emphatic-ally Em-Fet2 

endeavor En-Def2 

engagement En-Gay- Jay2 

England Ingendi 

English Ingi 

enter-Enter2 

entertainment Ent-Tee2-Ment 

enthusiast-ic-m En-Ith2-Ses 

eotire Enteri 

entitle En-Teei 

envelope En-Vee2-Pee 

equal-ly KeU 

equalled Kledi 

equivalent Kay-Vee2 

especial-ly Es2-Pee 

essential Es2-En 

establish-ed-ment Est2 

eternal Trer2 

eternity Tren2 

evangel-ical Jels 

even Veni 

ever Veei 

every Ver2 

every one Vern2 

evident-ce-ly Ved* 

exact Skets 

exaction Skayshon? 

exaggerate-d-Sjert2 



examine-ation Smen2 
example Semp3 
exasperate-ed-ation Ses-Pee3 
exceed-ing-ly Sdeei 
except Spet2 
exception Speeshon2 
exchange Kays-Chay2 
exclude Skled2 
exclusion Skelshon2 
exclusive Skels2 
excuse Skays3 
executor Kays2-Ray 
exemplify-ied Semp2 
exercise Kayses2 
exhibit Sbeti 
exhibition Sbeeshoni 
existence Ses-Tens2 
exist Ses-Tee2 
expand Spend3 
expansion Spen3 
expanse Spens3 
expend-iture Spend2 
expense Spens2 
expensive Spen2 
expect-ation Spee2 
experience Sprens2 
experiment Sper2-Ment 
explain-ation Splen2 
explicit Spelsi 
explore-ation Spler2 
express Spersi 
expression Spershoni 
exquisite Skaysi 
extemporaneous Stemp2 
extend-t Stend? 
extension Sten2 
extenuation Sten2-Snen 
exterior Kayst2 
external Steri 
extinction Kays-Tee2 
extinguish Kays-Tee2 



116 



GRAHAM-PITMAN IC SHORTHAND. 



extract Sters 
extraction Stershons 
extraordinary Ster2-Ard 
extravagant Stref2 



extreme Ster2 
extremity Ster2-Tee 
extrinsic-al Streni 
eye Ii 



Fact Ef2 
faculty Ef2-Klet 
fail Fel2 
failure Fler2 
fall Fell 
fallen Fleni 
false Felsi 
familiar Ef2-Em 
family Mel3 
farther Ferdher2 
fashion Efshon2 
fault-y Fleti 
favor Ver3 
feature Feti 
February Ef2-Bee 
feel Fell 
fell Fel2 
fellow Fel2 
few Ef3 

fiction Efshoni 
fill Fell 

financial Feri2-En 
first Steh Loop2 
flexion Felshon2 
Florida Fleri-Dee 
follow Fell 
follower Fieri 
fool Feis 
for Ef2 
for all Fel2 



for all our Fler2 

forever Ef 2 -Vee 

for his, for us Efs2 

for instance Ef2-Stens 

for one Fen2 

for our Fer2 

form Feri 

formal Feri-Lay 

former Feri-Ar 

formation Fershoni 

fortune-ate Efi-Ret 

forward Ef2-Werd 

found-ed-ation Fend3 

fraction Fershon2 

frank-ness Fer3-Kay 

Franklin Fer3-Klen 

fraternal-ly Fertern2 

free Fer2 

frequency Freni 

frequent Frenti 

from Fer2 

from one Fren2 

from Lime to time Tee:Teei 

fruition Fershons 

full-y Fel2 

furnish Fren2 

furniture Fren2 

further Ferdher2 

further than Ferdhern2 

future-ity Fets 



Gave Gef2 
general-ly Jen2 
gentleman Jent2 
gentlemen Jenti 
geography Jay2-Ger 
give-n Gayi 
go Gay2 
glory-fy-ied Gel2 



glorification Gelshonz 
glorious Gels2 
God Gedi 
good Ged2 

govern-ed-ment-al-or Gef2 
great Gret2 
grand-eur Grend3 
guilt-y Gleti 



WORD SIGNS, CONTRACTIONS AND PHRASES. 117 



H 



Habit Bet3 
had Dee3 
had not Dents 
half Ef3 
happy Pees 
happen Pen3 
happiest Peest3 
happiness Pens3 
has Iss2 
has as Ses2 
has it Zet2 
ha r i known Snen2 
has not Snet2 
have Vee2 
have been Ven2 
having been Ven2 
he Retoid2 
heard Ard2 
her Ari 
hear Ari 
here Ari 



herself Arsi 

hereafter Reft2 

heretofore Ret2-Ef 

hesitate-ancy-ation Zet2 

high Ii 

highly Petoidi-Lay 

higher Ari 

him Em2 

himself Ems2 

his Issi 

his is Sesi 

holy Hay3 

home Ems 

hope Pees 

hopeful-ly Pefs 

hope to have Pef 3 

how Retoid3 

how the Retoid3-Chetoid 

however Vee3 

hundred-th End2 



I Dipthongi 

I am, I may Petoidi-Em 
idle-ness Deli 
identical-ly Ded2-Kel 
if Efi 

if all our Fieri 
if his Efsi 
if one Feni 
if it Feti 
ignorance Nernsi 
ignorant Nernti 
imagine-ation Jen3 
imagined Jend3 
immaterial-ly Emteri-Lay 
immediate-ly Medi 
immoral Merli 
immortal-ity Merti 
importance-ant Empi 
impatience Empshons2 
improve-d-ment Emp2 
impossible-ity Empsi 
improper Em-Peri 



in Eni 

in all Neli 

inconsiderate In-Sdreti 
inconsistent En-Ses-Tenti 
indemnify-ity Endi-Em 
indiscriminate Endsi-Kay 
indispensable Ends-Pens2 
infer En-Ef2 
inferior En-Efi 
influence Ensi 
influenced Ensti 
influential En-SheU 
initial-ly En-Shel2 
inform En-Feri 
information Enshoni 
inhabitant En-Bet2 
in one Neni 
in order Nerdi 
in order that Nerdi-Dhet 
in order to Nerdi-Petoid 
in our Neri 
inquire-y En-Weri 



118 



GRAHAM-PITMA1S1C SHORTHAND. 



in reference Ner-Ef2 
in regard Neri-Ged 
in reply Ner-Peli 
in respect Neri-Spee 
inscription In-Skershoni 
instinct, inst. Ensti 
instruct In-Ster2 
instruction In-Stershon2 
instructor In-Ster2-Ter 
instructive In-Stref2 
insure-ance En-Sher2 
intelligence Ent-Jens2 
intelligible Ent-Jay2-Bel 
intelligent Ent-Jent2 
interest Ent-Stee2 
interfere Ent-Efi 
interior Enti 
internal-ly Teri 
in their own Enthern'-t 
into En-Tee2 
invent-ed-ory En-Vent? 
Iowa Wayi 



irrational Rayshoni 

irreguiar-ly Ar2-Gay 

is Issi 

is a Sketoidi 

I said Retoid-Sdee2 

s his Sesi 

s it Zeti 

s known Sneni 

s not Sneti 

s said Ses-Dee2 

s the Iss-Chetoidi 

s to Iss-Petoidi 

s there Zeedheri 

ssue Ish3 

t Tee2 

t is Tees2 

t has Tees2 

ts Tees2 

tself Tees3 

t will Tel2 

t will not Tlenti 
I will Petoidi-Lay 



January Jay2-En 
Jesus Jay2 
June Jens 



junior Jen3 
jury JerS 
just-ice Jayst2 



K 



kind-ly Kendi 
kingdom Kayi 
knew En-Chetoid2 



know En2 
knowledge En-Jay2 
known Nen2 



language Ing2 
large Jay3 
larger Jer3 
learn Len2 

legislature-ive-ion Lay2-Jay 
legitimate Lay2-Jet 
length Ing3 
let Let2 
let us Lets2 



liberty Beri 
little Leti 
locality Lay2-Klet 
long Ing3 
longer Inger3 
longer than Ingern3 
Lord Ardi 
lumber I^y2-Ber 



WORD SIGNS, CONTRACTIONS AND PHRASES. 119 



M 



Made Med2 

make Em? 

make his Ems2 

man Men2 

manner Ner2 

manuscript Em-En-Skay-Pet2 

Massachusetts Ems-Chay3 

material-ly Emter2-Lay 

matter Emter2 

may Em2 

may be Emb2 

may have been Emben2 

may not Ment2 

me Emi 

measure-ment Zhers 

meet Meti 

member Ber2 

men Meni 

mental-ity Ment* 

mention Emshon2 

mercy-iful Mer* 

mere-ly Meri 

Messrs. Ems2-Rays 



method Em-Thed2 
might-y Meti 
million Meli 
mind-ed Mendi 
moral-ly-ity Merl2 
more Mer2 

more or less Mer2-Lays 
more than Mern2 
morning Meni 
mortal-ity Men2 
mortgage Meri-Gay 
movement Ment 2 
Mr. Meri 
Mrs. Ems-Es2 
much Chay3 
much will Chel3 
multitude Melt2 
multiply-ied Melt2 
must be Ems2-Bee 
must have Ems2-Vee 
my Emi 
myself Emsi 



N 



Nature Net2 
naturally Net2-El 
near Neri 
nearly NerU 
Nebraska En-Bee3 
necessary-ily En-Ses2 
need Nedi 
neglect En2-Gay 
negligent En2-Gel 
neither Entheri 
Nevada En-Vee 2 
never En-Vee2 
nevertheless Ent Vee2 
new En-Chetoid2 
next Enst2 
no En2 

nobody En2-Bed 
none Nen2 
no less Nels2 



no one Nens 

no other Enther3 

no other one Entherns 

nor Neri 

north Neri 

northern Nertherni 

North America Neri-Em 

North Carolina Neri-Ker 

not Neti 

nothing En-Ith2 

notify Net-Ef2 

notification Net-Efshon^ 

notwithstanding Enf Tee2 

November En-Vee2 

now En-Petoid2 

nowhere En2-Wer 

number Ber 2 

number of Brefs 



120 



GRAHAMPITMANIC SHORTHAND. 



O Detoid2 

obedient Bedi 

object-ed Bee2 

objection Beeshon2 

objective Beetive2 

obligation Belshon2 

observe Bees2-Ray 

obstruct Bee2-Ster 

obstruction Bee2-Stershon 

occurred Kred2 

occurrence Krens2 

October Ket-Ber2 

of Petoidi 

of a Petoidi-Tetoid 

of all Pletoidi 

of course Petoidi-Kers 

offer Fer2 

offered Predi 

of his Petsoidi 

of us Petsoidi 

of it Veti 

often Fen2 

of the Petoidi-Chetoid 

of their Veedheri 

oh Detoid2 

Ohio Hayi 

on Chetoidi 

one Wen2 

one of the most Wen2-Emst 

on the Retoidi-Chetoid 

on the contrary Chetoid-Ter2-Ray 

only Nel2 

only as Nels2 



onward Retoidi-Werd 

operate Preti 

operation Pershons 

opinion Neni 

opportunity Pret2 

opposition Peeseshoni 

oppression Pershons 

or Tetoidl 

or a Tetoidi-Ketoid 

order Arderi 

ordinary Ardi 

organ Geni 

organize Gensi 

or if Teftoidi 

ornamentation Renseshoni 

or not Tentoidi 

or the Tetoidi-Retoid 

other DherS 

ought Jetoidi 

our Ar3 

ourself Arss 

ourselves Arsess 

out Tees 

out of Tef3 

over Veri 

owe Detoid2 

own Ens 

owned End3 

owner Ner3 

organization Genseshoni 

original-ly Rayi-Jen 

or have Teftoidi 



Parallel Prel2 
parliament-ary Prel3 
particular Perti 
party Pees 
patent Pee3 
peculiar Pee2-Kay 
Pennsylvania Pees2-Vee 
people Pel2 

per annum Per2-En-Em 
perfect Perfi 



perfection Pershoni 
perform-er Per2-Fer 
perhaps Per2-Pees 
permanent Per2-Men 
pernicious Preni 
person Pers2 
Philadelphia Fled2-Ef 
phonography Fen2 
phonographer Fen2-Ray 
plaintiff Plent2 



WORD SIGNS, CONTRACTIQNS AND PHRASES. 121 



platform Plet2-Fer 
pleasure Zher2 
plenty Plent2 
portion Peeshon2 
position Peeseshon2 
possession Peeseshon- 
possible Peesi 
posterior Pees2 
poverty Pefi 
practice-al-ly Per3 
practicability Per3-Ket 
preliminary Preli 
preserve Pees2-Ray 
pretty Pret2 
prevalence Per2-Vel 
principal-pie Per2 



privilege Peri-Vel 
probable-bly Per2-Bee 
professor Perf2 
profit PrefiU 
promulgate Mel2 
proof Perf2 
prove Perf2 

prominent-ence Peri-Men 
proper Peri 
propriety Peri 
property Peri-Pee 
proportion Per2-Peeshon 
public Pee2-Bee 
punish-ment Pen2 
purpose Pee2-Pees 
put Pet* 



Q 



Quality Klett 
quantity Kenti 
quarter Kayi-Werter 



question Ken2 
quit Keti 
quite Keti 



Rapid Ray2-Ped 
rather Rayther2 
ration Rayshon3 
read Ardi 
real Reli 
realize Relsi 
realization Releshbni 
reciprocate Rays2-Per 
recollect Ray2-Kel-Kay 
recover Ray2-Kef 
reduction Ray2-Deeshon 
refer-red-ence Ray2-Ef 
reformation Rayshon2 
regular-ly Ray2-Gay 
relate-tive-ion Rel2 
relaxation Relseslion2 
religion Jeni 
religious Jays2 
rely Reli 



remark Meri 
remarkable Meri-Bel 
remember Ber2 
remembrance Brens2 
repeat-ed-ly Rayi-Pet 
represent-ed Ray2-Pee 
representation Ray2-Peeshon 
representative Ray2-Peetive 
republic Ray2-Pee-Bee 
republican Ray2-Pee-Ben 
repute-d-ation Ray3-Pet 
require Rayi-Ker 
resemble Ars2-Em 
reserve Rays2-Ray 
resignation Rays^-Gay 
revelation Layshon2 
reveal-ed Refi 
revolution Layshon3 
rule Reis 



122 



GRAHAM-PITMAN IC SHORTHAND. 



Said to have Iss-Def2 

sample Semps 

satisfaction Steeshon3 

satisfy-ied-actory Stee^ 

Saturday Ster3 

Savior Svee2 

saw Esi 

say Es- 

see Esi 

scale Skel2 

scholar Skleri 

school Skeis 

scripture Skeri 

secession Ses-Shen2 

seclude Skleds 

seclusion Skelehon3 

secular Skler2 

seclusivc.Skels3 

secret Ski-eti 

secretary Skret2 

secure Sker3 

secured Skreds 

security Skred3 

seldom Seld2 

separate Spret2 

September Spet2 

set forth Stef2 

set off Stefi 

several-ly Svee2 

shall Ish2 

share Sher3 

she Ishi 

should Chetoid2 

should a Retoid2-Tetoid 

should the Retoids-Chetoid 

should he Retoid2-Chetoid 

signify-ied-cant-ature Sgayi 

similar-ly Semi 

simple-y Sempi 

single Singi 

singular Sgleri 

sister Ses-Ter2 

situation Steeshoni 

skill SkeU 

skillful Sklefi 

so Es2 



so as to Es-Iss2-Petoid 

so far Es2-Ef 

sold Seld2 

somebody Semb2 

some one Smen2 

some other Semthers 

some other one Semthern^ 

something Sem2-Ing 

sometime Smet2 

somewhat Smeti 

soon Sen2 

south Sith2 

South Carolina Sith2-Ker 

southeast Sithst2 

southwest Swayst2 

southern Sdhen2 

speak Speei 

special-ly-ity Spees 

specification Speeseshon3 

spirit Spreti 

spiritual-ly Sper i 

spiritualize Spersi 

spiritualization Sperseshoni 

splendid-ly Splend2 

spoken Speni 

standard Sted2-Ard 

station Steeshon2 

Standard Phonography Steh-Fen2 

stenography-er-ic Steh-En2 

step by step Steh-Pee2-Steh 

stockholder Steh-Kayi-Elder 

strange Stren2 

stranger Ster2-Jer 

subject Sbee2 

subjection Sbeeshon2 

subjective Sbeetive2 

sublime SbeU 

subordinate Sbeei 

subsequent-ly Sbent2 

suceess-ful-ly Skayses2 

sufncient-ly Sef2-Shay 

suffocation Sefshon2 

suggest-ed-ion Sjay 2 

superintend-ed-ent Sprent3 

superior-ity Speei 

superlative Sprel2 



WORD SIGNS, CONTRACTIONS AND PHRASES. 123 



supplication Spelshon2 
supply Spel2 
supposition Speeseshon2 
suppress Spers3 
suppression Spershon3 
supreme Sper2 
supremacy Sper2 
sure Sher2 
surplus Spels2 



surprise Spers2 
survive-al Iss-Rayi-Vee 
suspect Ses-Pee2 
suspicion-cious Ses-Peei 
sustain Ses-Ten2 
suspend Ses-Pend2 
suspension Ses-Pen2 
synonym Sneni 
system Ses-Tee2 



Take Tee2 

taken Ten2 

technical-ly Tee2-Kay 

telegraph-ic-gram Tel2-Ger 

tell Tel2 

testify Tees2-Ef 

testimony Tees2-Em 

Texas Teeses2 

than Dhens 

thank Iths 

that Dheti 

that there Deedheri 

the Doti 

thee Dheei 

their Dher2 

there Dher2 

them Dhee2 

themselves Dhee-Ses2 

then Dhen2 

the other Dheedher2 

the .other one Dheedhern2 

therein Dher2-En 

thereon Dhren2 

thereof Dher2: Petoidi 

thereto Dher2-Petoid 

theretofore Dher2-Retoid-Ef 

these Dheesi 

they Dhee2 

they are Dher2 

they will Dhel2 

thine Dheni 

thing Ingi 

think Ith2 

this Dhees2 

this is Dnee-Ses2 

those Dhees3 



though Dhee3 

thou Dhee3 

thousand Ith3 

thought Theti 

through Ther2 

throughout Thret2 

through one Thren2 

thus Dhees3 

thy Dheei 

thyself Dheesi 

till Tel2 

till it Tleti 

time Teei 

to Petoid2 

to a Tetoid4 

to all Pletoid2 

to be Bee3 

to come Kay4 

to-day Dee4 

together Gay2 

to give Gay4 

to have Peftoid2 

to his, to us Petsoid2 

to our Pretoid2 

to the Petoid4 

tolerate-ation Tler2 

told Tlet2 

to-morrow En4-Ray 

to Betoid2 

two Betoid2 

took Tee3 

toward Tred2 

transaction Trenseshon3 

transcript Ters2-Kay-Pet 

transcribe Tersi-Kay 

transfer Ters2-Ef 



124 



0RAHAM-P1TMANIC SHORTHAND. 



transform Ters2-Fer 
transgress Ters2-Gays 
transient Tershont2 
trial Treli 



U 



true Ter3 
truth Ter2 
truthful-ly Tref2 



Under End2 
understand End-Stend2 
understood End-Sted2 
undertake End-Tee2 
undertook End-Tee3 
uniform En-Fer3 
United States Enesesi 
universe-ai Vers2 
unless Nelsi 
until Tel3 



until after Tleft3 

until it Tlet3 

unto En-Tee2 Vocalized 

up Pee2 

upon Pen.2 

us Es3 

use Es3 

use Zee3 

usual-ly Zhay2 



Value Veis 
valued Vleds 
valuation VelshonS 
version Vershon2 
very Ver2 



Virginia Veei-Jay 
virtue Vert2 
visible Veesi 
vocation Veeshon2 
void-ed-ance Vedi 



W 



Want Wenti 

warm Wemi 

warrant-ed Wernti 

was Zee2 

way Way2 

we Wehi 

we are Weri 

we are in Werni 

we are in receipt Werni-Rays-Tee 

we are not Wernti 

we are of Werf2 

we know Weni 

we may Wemi 

we may not Wemnti 

went Went2 

we were Weh'Weh 1 

we would Weh'Weh 1 

we will Well 

we will not Welnti 



well Wel2 
were Weh2 
were not Wernt2 
what Wuhi 
whatever Tef2 
whatsoever Tees2-Vee 
what with Wuh 1 Wuh' 
when Weni 
v/henever Wen-Vee2 
where Wer2 
whereon Wern2 
wherever Wer2-Vee 
whether Waydher2 
which Chay2 
whichever Chef2 
which will CheI2 
which will not Chlenti 
while Well 
wjio-m Jetoid2 



WORD SIGNS, CONTRACTIONS AND PHRASES. 125 



whoever Jeftoid? 

whole-ly Lays 

why Wayi 

William EU-Em 

will-ing Lay2 

will not Lenti 

wish Ishi 

wished Ishti 

with Wehi 

withal DheU 

with all DheU 

withdraw Dheei-Der 

withdrawal Dheei-Der-Lay 

with him Wem2 

with me Wemi 

with my Wemi 



within Dheni 
without Dhet2 
with our Weri 
with what Weh'Weh 1 
with you Weh'Yeh 1 
woman Wemn2 
women Wemni 
wonder Wender2 
word Werd2 
work Wer2 
workman Wern2 
world Eld2 
would Wuh2 
would we Wuh'Wuh 2 
would you Wuh'Yuh 2 



Yard Ard3 
ye- Yehi 
year Yehi 
yesterday Ester2 
yet Yeh2 
yield Yeldi 
you Yuh2 



you were Yeh'Weh 2 
you would Yuh'Wuh 2 
your Yay2 
your own Yen2 
yourself Yays2 
yourselves Yayses^ 
youth Ith* 



CONTENTS. 

Accom as a Prefix 13, 100 

Alphabetical Arrangement of the Different Word Signs Ill 

Brief Signs for Ses, Seen and Ster, Lesson VI 41 

Capitalization 13 

Concurrent Vowels 12 

Consonant Alphabet or Strokes, Lesson 1 6 

Consonant Word Signs 17 

Contractions 21 

Con, Com, Cog as Prefixes 13 

Different Modes of Expressing H, Lesson VII 50 

Different Ways of Expressing W and Y, Lesson VII 48 

Different Modes of Writing SH, Lesson IV 31 

Derivation of Shorthand Principles. 7 

Definition of Shorthand 7 

Diphthongs 11 

Enlarged Way 51 

Expedients 100 

Formation of Plurais, Possessive Case, etc 37 

F, V and N-Hooks, Lesson XI 72 

F, V and N-Hook Word Signs 74 

General Rules for Phrasing. 22 

Halving Principle, Lesson XIV 90 

Half Length Word Signs \ 93 

I, He and How in Phrases 24 

Implying Words 25 

In, En or Un-Hook, Lesson X . . 68 

Ing and Ings as Suffixes 13, 104 

Instructions as to Paper, Ink, Pen and Pencil. . . 7 

The Es-Stroke 35 

Iss-Circle, Lesson V 34 

Iss Word Signs 38 

Joining Consonant Strokes, Lesson III 19 

L Represented by the Strokes, Lesson IV 30 

L-Hook, Lesson VIII 55 

L Represented by Enlarging the R-Hook, Lesson X 67 

L-Hook Word Signs 58 



123 GRAHAM-PITMANIC SHORTHAND. 

Lengthening Principle, Lesson XIII '. . 85 

Lengthened Word Signs §g 

Manner of Writing the Consonants. 7 

Method of Placing Vowels as to the Order of Reading 11 

Omission of Letters 42 107 

Outlines n 19 

Phrases and Ticks 22, 25, 107 

Position of Vowels H 

Position of Strokes \ mm n 

Preface 3 

Prefixes Con, Com, Cog, Accom 13 

Prefixes, Lesson XV 100 

Prel and Pier Word Signs 68 

Punctuation 26 

Questions for Review 46, 70, 98 

R Represented by the Stroke, Lesson IV 29 

Review Questions 46, 70, 98 

R-Hook, Lesson IX 61 

R-Hook Word Signs.... 63 

R Represented by Enlarging the L-Hook, Lesson X 67 

Rules for Writing Es and Iss, Lesson V 34, 35 

Ses, Steh and Ster Word Signs, Lesson VI 43 

Shon, Tive and Eshon,Xesson XII , . . . 80 

Shon, Tive and Eshon Word Signs ' 82 

Silent Letters 7 

Special Vocalization, Lesson VIII 56 

Suffixes, Lesson XV 104 

Table of Vowels and Diphthongs Lesson II 10, 11 

The the Tick . ... 23 

Unaccented Vowels .20, 56 

Vocalizing 11 

Vocalizing Consonant Strokes with Circles or Loops 3o 

Vowels, Lesson II 10 

Vowels Between Consonant Strokes, Lesson III 19 

Vowel Word Signs 18 

Vowel Phrases 25 

Word Signs 16 

W Word Signs 52 



OCT 17 1902 



OCT 17 t8Q2 



